Bumble bees (Bombus sp.) are important pollinators for agricultural systems and natural landscapes and have faced population declines globally in recent decades. Neonicotinoid pesticides have been implicated as one of the reasons for the population reductions in bumble bees and other pollinators due to their widespread use, specificity to the invertebrate nervous system, and toxicity to bees. Adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) are used to describe the mechanism of action of a toxicant through sequential levels of biological organization to understand the key events that occur for a given adverse outcome. We used the AOP framework to organize and present the current literature available on the impacts of neonicotinoids on bumble bees. The present review focuses on Bombus terrestris and B. impatiens, the 2 most commonly studied bumble bees due to their commercial availability. Our review does not seek to describe an AOP for the molecular initiating event shared by neonicotinoids, but rather aims to summarize the current literature and determine data gaps for the Bombus research community to address. Overall, we highlight a great need for additional studies, especially those examining cellular and organ responses in bumble bees exposed to neonicotinoids. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:309–322. © 2020 SETAC. This article has been contributed to by US Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.

中文翻译：

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通过不良结果途径框架检查新烟碱类杀虫剂对大黄蜂 Bombus terrestris 和 Bombus impatiens 的影响

熊蜂（Bombus sp.）是农业系统和自然景观的重要传粉媒介，近几十年来在全球范围内面临着种群数量下降的问题。由于新烟碱类杀虫剂的广泛使用、对无脊椎动物神经系统的特异性以及对蜜蜂的毒性，新烟碱类杀虫剂被认为是熊蜂和其他传粉媒介数量减少的原因之一。不良结果途径 (AOP) 用于通过生物组织的连续水平来描述毒物的作用机制，以了解给定不良结果所发生的关键事件。我们使用 AOP 框架来组织和展示有关新烟碱类杀虫剂对熊蜂影响的现有文献。本综述重点关注Bombus terrestris和B. impatiens，这是两种最常研究的熊蜂，因为它们具有商业可用性。我们的综述并不是试图描述新烟碱类杀虫剂共有的分子起始事件的 AOP，而是旨在总结当前文献并确定Bombus研究界需要解决的数据差距。总的来说，我们强调非常需要进行更多的研究，特别是那些检查暴露于新烟碱类杀虫剂的大黄蜂的细胞和器官反应的研究。环境毒理学2021；40：309–322。© 2020 SETAC。本文由美国政府雇员撰写，他们的作品在美国属于公共领域。