Bacteriophages (phages) are the most abundant biological entity in the human body, but until recently the role that phages play in human health was not well characterized. Although phages do not cause infections in human cells, phages can alter the severity of bacterial infections by the dissemination of virulence factors amongst bacterial hosts. Recent studies, made possible with advances in genome engineering and microscopy, have uncovered a novel role for phages in the human body – the ability to modulate the physiology of the mammalian cells that can harbor intracellular bacteria. In this review, we synthesize key results on how phages traverse through mammalian cells – including uptake, distribution, and interaction with intracellular receptors – highlighting how these steps in turn influence host cell killing of bacteria. We discuss the implications of the growing field of phage–mammalian cell interactions for phage therapy.

噬菌体（噬菌体）是人体内最丰富的生物实体，但直到最近，噬菌体在人类健康中的作用还没有得到很好的表征。尽管噬菌体不会引起人类细胞感染，但噬菌体可以通过在细菌宿主中传播毒力因子来改变细菌感染的严重程度。随着基因组工程和显微镜技术的进步，最近的研究揭示了噬菌体在人体内的新作用——调节哺乳动物细胞生理的能力，这些细胞可以容纳细胞内细菌。在这篇综述中，我们综合了关于噬菌体如何穿过哺乳动物细胞的关键结果——包括摄取、分布以及与细胞内受体的相互作用——强调了这些步骤如何反过来影响宿主细胞对细菌的杀伤。