Corneal transplantation rejection remains an urgent problem threatening the success rate of high-risk patients. Macrophages are involved in the rejection of corneal transplants. Macrophages have M1 and M2 phenotypes, classified according their response to external stimuli. Macrophage polarization, through which these distinct forms are activated, is not only involved in the occurrence and development of inflammation, tumors, and autoimmune and other diseases, but also participates in graft rejection. This study provides an overview of the types of macrophages and mechanisms of their polarization, and review current knowledge regarding their involvement in corneal transplantation and potential therapeutic applications. Consideration of the relationship between the direction of macrophage polarization and the determination of graft survival and how it can be modified, is important for the development of novel corneal anti-rejection therapies.

角膜移植排斥反应仍然是一个紧迫的问题，威胁着高危患者的成功率。巨噬细胞参与角膜移植的排斥反应。巨噬细胞具有M1和M2表型，根据它们对外部刺激的反应进行分类。通过激活这些不同形式的巨噬细胞极化，不仅参与炎症，肿瘤，自身免疫和其他疾病的发生和发展，而且还参与移植排斥。这项研究概述了巨噬细胞的类型及其极化机制，并回顾了有关它们参与角膜移植和潜在治疗应用的最新知识。