Understanding of cancer with the help of ever-expanding cutting edge technological tools and bioinformatics is revolutionizing modern cancer research by broadening the space of discovery window of various genomic and epigenomic processes. Genomics data integrated with multi-omics layering have advanced cancer research. Uncovering such layers of genetic mutations/modifications, epigenetic regulation and their role in the complex pathophysiology of cancer progression could lead to novel therapeutic interventions. Although a plethora of literature is available in public domain defining the role of various tumor driver gene mutations, understanding of epigenetic regulation of cancer is still emerging. This review focuses on epigenetic regulation association with the pathogenesis of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC). NMSC has higher prevalence in Caucasian populations compared to other races. Due to lack of proper reporting to cancer registries, the incidence rates for NMSC worldwide cannot be accurately estimated. However, this is the most common neoplasm in humans, and millions of new cases per year are reported in the United States alone. In organ transplant recipients, the incidence of NMSC particularly of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is very high and these SCCs frequently become metastatic and lethal. Understanding of solar ultraviolet (UV) light-induced damage and impaired DNA repair process leading to DNA mutations and nuclear instability provide an insight into the pathogenesis of metastatic neoplasm. This review discusses the recent advances in the field of epigenetics of NMSCs. Particularly, the role of DNA methylation, histone hyperacetylation and non-coding RNA such as long-chain noncoding (lnc) RNAs, circular RNAs and miRNA in the disease progression are summarized.

在不断扩展的尖端技术工具和生物信息学的帮助下对癌症的理解正在通过拓宽各种基因组和表观基因组过程的发现窗口空间来彻底改变现代癌症研究。与多组学分层集成的基因组学数据具有先进的癌症研究。揭示这些基因突变/修饰层、表观遗传调控及其在癌症进展的复杂病理生理学中的作用可能会导致新的治疗干预。尽管在公共领域中有大量文献定义了各种肿瘤驱动基因突变的作用，但对癌症表观遗传调控的理解仍在不断涌现。本综述侧重于表观遗传调控与非黑色素瘤皮肤癌 (NMSC) 发病机制的关联。与其他种族相比，NMSC 在高加索人群中的患病率更高。由于缺乏向癌症登记处的适当报告，无法准确估计全球 NMSC 的发病率。然而，这是人类最常见的肿瘤，仅在美国每年就有数百万新病例报告。在器官移植受者中，NMSC 尤其是鳞状细胞癌 (SCC) 的发病率非常高，并且这些 SCC 经常发生转移性和致死性。了解太阳紫外线 (UV) 光诱导的损伤和导致 DNA 突变和核不稳定的 DNA 修复过程受损有助于深入了解转移性肿瘤的发病机制。本综述讨论了 NMSCs 表观遗传学领域的最新进展。特别是 DNA 甲基化的作用，