Data on the occurrence of cocaine (COC) and benzoylecgonine (BE) in marine environmental compartments are still limited, with few studies reporting superficial water contamination, mainly in tropical zones. In this sense, environmental data of these substances are essential to identify potential polluting sources, as well as their impact in costal ecosystems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of COC and BE in seawater, sediment and mussels from a subtropical coastal zone (Santos Bay, São Paulo, Brazil), as well as to determine a field measured Bioaccumulation Factor (BAF). COC and BE were detected in all water samples in concentrations ranging from 1.91 ng·L⁻¹ to 12.52 ng·L⁻¹ and 9.88 ng·L⁻¹ to 28.53 ng·L⁻¹, respectively. In sediments, only COC was quantified in concentrations ranging from 0.94 ng·g⁻¹ to 46.85 ng·g⁻¹. Similarly, only COC was detected in tissues of mussels 0.914 μg·kg⁻¹ to 4.58 μg·kg⁻¹ (ww). The field-measured BAF ranged from 163 to 1454 (L·kg⁻¹). Our results pointed out a widespread contamination by cocaine and its main human metabolite benzoylecgonine in Santos Bay. Mussels were able to accumulate COC in areas used by residents and tourists for bathing, fishing, and harvest, denoting concern to human health. Therefore, our data can be considered a preliminary assessment, which indicates the need to evaluate drugs (including illicit as COC) in environmental and seafood monitoring programs, in order to understand their risks on the ecosystem and human health.

关于海洋环境舱中可卡因（COC）和苯甲酰芽子碱（BE）发生的数据仍然有限，很少有研究报告表层水污染，主要是在热带地区。从这个意义上讲，这些物质的环境数据对于确定潜在的污染源及其对沿海生态系统的影响至关重要。这项研究的目的是评估来自亚热带沿海地区（巴西圣保罗的桑托斯湾）的海水，沉积物和贻贝中COC和BE的发生，并确定现场测量的生物累积因子（BAF）。在所有水样中检测到的COC和BE的浓度范围为1.91 ng·L ^-1至12.52 ng·L ^-1和9.88 ng·L ^-1至28.53 ng·L ^-1， 分别。在沉积物中，仅COC的浓度范围为0.94 ng·g ^-1至46.85 ng·g ^-1。类似地，在贻贝0.914μg·kg ^-1至4.58μg·kg ^-1（ww）的组织中仅检测到COC 。现场测得的BAF为163至1454（L·kg ^-1）。我们的结果指出，可卡因及其主要的人体代谢产物苯甲酰芽子碱在桑托斯湾受到了广泛的污染。贻贝能够在居民和游客用来沐浴，钓鱼和收获的地区积累COC，这表示对人类健康的关注。因此，我们的数据可视为初步评估，表明需要在环境和海鲜监测计划中评估药物（包括非法的COC），以了解其对生态系统和人类健康的风险。