The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has developed into a serious pandemic with millions of cases diagnosed worldwide. To fight COVID-19 pandemic, over 100 countries instituted either a full or partial lockdown, affecting billions of people. In Tyrol, first lockdown measures were taken on 10 March 2020. On 16 March 2020, a curfew went into force which ended on 1 May 2020. On 19 March 2020, Tyrol as a whole was placed in quarantine which ended on 7 April 2020. The governmental actions helped reducing the spread of COVID-19 at the cost of significant effects on social life and behaviour. Accordingly, to provide a comprehensive picture of the population health status not only input from medical and biological sciences is required, but also from other sciences able to provide lifestyle information such as drug use. Herein, wastewater-based epidemiology was used for studying temporal trends of licit and illicit drug consumption during lockdown and quarantine in the area of the Tyrolean capital Innsbruck (174,000 inhabitants). On 35 days between 12 March 2020 and 15 April 2020, loads of 23 markers were monitored in wastewater. Loads determined on 292 days between March 2016 and January 2020 served as reference. During lockdown, changes in the consumption patterns of recreational drugs (i.e. cocaine, amphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, methamphetamine, and alcohol) and pharmaceuticals for short-term application (i.e. acetaminophen, codeine, and trimethoprim) were detected. For illicit drugs and alcohol, it is very likely that observed changes were linked to the shutdown of the hospitality industry and event cancelation which led to a reduced demand of these compounds particularly on weekends. For the pharmaceuticals, further work will be necessary to clarify if the observed declines are indicators of improved population health or of some kind of restraining effect that reduced the number of consultations of medical doctors and pharmacies.

2019 年冠状病毒病 (COVID-19) 已发展成为严重的大流行病，全球已诊断出数百万病例。为抗击 COVID-19 大流行，100 多个国家实施了全面或部分封锁，影响了数十亿人。蒂罗尔州于 2020 年 3 月 10 日采取了首次封锁措施。2020 年 3 月 16 日，宵禁生效，并于 2020 年 5 月 1 日结束。2020 年 3 月 19 日，整个蒂罗尔州被隔离，并于 2020 年 4 月 7 日结束。政府的行动以对社会生活和行为产生重大影响为代价帮助减少了 COVID-19 的传播。因此，要全面了解人口健康状况，不仅需要医学和生物科学的投入，还需要其他能够提供生活方式信息的科学，例如药物使用。在此处，基于废水的流行病学被用于研究蒂罗尔首府因斯布鲁克地区（174,000 名居民）封锁和检疫期间合法和非法药物消费的时间趋势。在 2020 年 3 月 12 日至 2020 年 4 月 15 日的 35 天内，监测了废水中 23 种标记物的负荷。2016 年 3 月至 2020 年 1 月期间 292 天确定的负载作为参考。在封锁期间，检测到消遣性药物（即可卡因、苯丙胺、3,4-亚甲二氧基甲基苯丙胺、甲基苯丙胺和酒精）和短期用药（即对乙酰氨基酚、可待因和甲氧苄氨嘧啶）消费模式的变化。对于非法药物和酒精，观察到的变化很可能与酒店业关闭和活动取消有关，这导致对这些化合物的需求减少，尤其是在周末。对于药品，需要进一步的工作来澄清观察到的下降是人口健康状况改善的指标，还是某种抑制作用减少了医生和药店的咨询次数。