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Applications of M/N/C analogue catalysts in PEM fuel cells and metal-air/oxygen batteries: Status quo, challenges and perspectives
Progress in Natural Science: Materials International ( IF 4.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-12-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.pnsc.2020.10.014
Bin Chi , Xiaorong Zhang , Mingrui Liu , Shijie Jiang , Shijun Liao

Abstract To meet the sharp increase in demand for clean and renewable energy, it is necessary to develop new energy-conversion and storage technologies, such as proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) and metal-air/oxygen batteries (MABs). Due to the sluggish reaction kinetics of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in the cathodes of PEMFCs and MABs, significant amounts of precious metal catalysts need to be used, driving up the cost of fuel cells and MABs and thereby hindering their commercialization on a large scale. Transition metal and nitrogen co-doped carbonaceous catalysts (M/N/C) have high catalytic activity towards the ORR and OER once the catalysts are modified with certain promoters/additives. In addition, M/N/C catalysts can be prepared from abundant, inexpensive materials, making their cost negligible compared with precious metal catalysts, a development that would efficiently decrease the cost of PEMFCs and MABs. In last decade, numerous researchers have attempted to realize these applications of M/N/C catalysts, and some exciting results have been achieved, making these promising replacements for precious metal catalysts. However, some serious problems and significant challenges remain. In this paper, we review the research on the application of M/N/C analogue catalysts in PEMFCs and MABs in the last 10 years, indicate the remaining challenges, and suggest the future research directions.

中文翻译:

M/N/C模拟催化剂在PEM燃料电池和金属-空气/氧气电池中的应用:现状、挑战和前景

摘要 为了满足对清洁和可再生能源需求的急剧增长,需要开发新的能量转换和存储技术,如质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFCs)和金属-空气/氧气电池(MABs)。由于PEMFCs和MABs阴极中氧还原反应(ORR)和析氧反应(OER)的反应动力学缓慢,需要使用大量的贵金属催化剂,从而推高了燃料电池和MABs的成本从而阻碍了它们的大规模商业化。一旦催化剂用某些促进剂/添加剂改性,过渡金属和氮共掺杂的碳质催化剂 (M/N/C) 对 ORR 和 OER 具有高催化活性。此外,M/N/C 催化剂可以由丰富、廉价的材料制备,与贵金属催化剂相比,它们的成本可以忽略不计,这一发展将有效降低 PEMFC 和 MAB 的成本。在过去的十年中,许多研究人员试图实现 M/N/C 催化剂的这些应用,并取得了一些令人兴奋的结果,使这些有希望的贵金属催化剂替代品。然而,一些严重的问题和重大挑战依然存在。在本文中,我们回顾了近 10 年来 M/N/C 类似物催化剂在 PEMFCs 和 MABs 中的应用研究,指出了仍然存在的挑战,并提出了未来的研究方向。并且已经取得了一些令人兴奋的结果,使这些有前途的贵金属催化剂替代品。然而,一些严重的问题和重大挑战依然存在。在本文中,我们回顾了近 10 年来 M/N/C 类似物催化剂在 PEMFCs 和 MABs 中的应用研究,指出了仍然存在的挑战,并提出了未来的研究方向。并且已经取得了一些令人兴奋的结果,使这些有前途的贵金属催化剂替代品。然而,一些严重的问题和重大挑战依然存在。在本文中,我们回顾了近 10 年来 M/N/C 类似物催化剂在 PEMFCs 和 MABs 中的应用研究,指出了仍然存在的挑战,并提出了未来的研究方向。
更新日期:2020-12-01
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