The growing interest in oilseed crops for sustainable biofuel production has promoted the exploration of new plant species with high oil content and quality. One of these species is pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.; Brassicaceae), a winter annual plant that, due to the characteristics of its seed oil, has a great potential as feedstock for advanced biofuels. However, pennycress is not cultivated in Europe and, in contrast to the USA, the research has been very scarce, especially regarding its agronomic behaviour and production. In this work we performed a comparative analysis of the agronomic potential of two pennycress accessions of European origin (French and NASC), with respect to two from USA (Beecher and Elizabeth), to be cultivated under Mediterranean agroclimatic conditions. Stand establishment, growth, and yield data of the four pennycress accessions were collected during two growing seasons (2016−17 and 2017−18) in experimental fields situated in Aragon (NE Spain). The European accessions had less germination success than those from USA (20−50 % less). However, the seed yield of the French accession was similar or superior to that of USA origin (730–1390 vs 500−1340 ha⁻¹). This was because French plants were able to compensate for the lower plant density with increased production of tillers and inflorescences. The other European short cycle accession, NASC, requires further research to understand and overcome its erratic germination and low seed yield. In terms of seed oil and erucic acid content, higher variability was found between the growing seasons than among the pennycress accessions, suggesting that weather conditions, especially rainfall distribution, have a pronounced effect on seed, oil and erucic acid yield and must be considered for growing pennycress in Europe.

人们对油料作物中用于可持续生物燃料生产的兴趣与日俱增，促进了对高油含量和高品质植物新品种的探索。这些物种之一是佩尼西（Thlaspi arvenseL .; 十字花科（Brassicaceae），一种冬季一年生植物，由于其种子油的特性，具有作为先进生物燃料原料的巨大潜力。但是，在欧洲没有种植豆科植物，与美国相反，该研究非常匮乏，尤其是在农艺行为和生产方面。在这项工作中，我们对两种欧洲起源的豆科植物种（法国和NASC）相对于美国（Beecher和Elizabeth）的两种在地中海农业气候条件下种植的农艺潜力进行了比较分析。在阿拉贡（西班牙东北部）的实验田中，在两个生长季节（2016-17和2017-18）的两个生长季节中，收集了四种小豆科植物的林分建立，生长和产量数据。欧洲种的发芽成功率低于美国（20－50％）。然而，法国种的种子产量与美国相似或更高（730-1390对500-1340公顷^-1）。这是因为法国植物能够通过增加分till和花序来弥补较低的植物密度。欧洲的另一种短周期种NASC需要进一步研究，以了解和克服其发芽不稳定和种子产量低的问题。就种子油和芥酸含量而言，在生长期之间的变异性比豆瓣种的变异性更高，这表明天气条件，尤其是降雨分布，对种子，油脂和芥酸产量具有显着影响，因此必须考虑欧洲种植的豆科植物。