Abstract Recovery of heavy oil from carbonate oil ores is always a challenge by water-flooding process which is highly dependent on the water chemistry. Herein, experimental tests (by atomic force microscopy (AFM), quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D)) and molecular dynamic (MD) simulation have been conducted to understand the exact role of salinity (cations and anions) in influencing the bitumen-CaCO3 interactions. It is found that the addition of K+ and Ca2+ cations (up to 10 mM) into the solution would decrease the repulsive force strength (range from 20 nm to less than 5 nm), and even converts the repulsion force into adhesion force. However, the SO42− anions are observed to be able to strengthen the bitumen-CaCO3 repulsion force. This is different from that for processing quartz oil sands. In QCM-D measurement, additional ions inhibit the bitumen-calcite adsorption behavior but the effect is influenced by the ionic types and strength. Based on the zeta potential measurement and MD simulation, it is found that the Ca2+ cations are more preferred to adsorb on both the CaCO3 surface and bitumen. The adsorbed Ca2+ cations perform as ion bridges linking the oil and CaCO3 surface. Therefore, the accumulation of Ca2+ cations in the solution will deteriorate the oil recovery from carbonate oil reservoirs. However, SO42− anions are more inclined to only adsorb on the CaCO3 surface and prevent the adsorption between bitumen and calcite surface. Therefore, rejecting Ca2+ or increasing SO42− in the low salt water would be helpful for the EOR of carbonate oil reservoirs

中文翻译：

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了解盐度对沥青-方解石相互作用的影响

摘要 从碳酸盐油矿中回收稠油一直是高度依赖水化学的水驱工艺面临的挑战。在此，进行了实验测试（通过原子力显微镜 (AFM)、具有耗散功能的石英晶体微天平 (QCM-D)）和分子动力学 (MD) 模拟，以了解盐度（阳离子和阴离子）在影响沥青中的确切作用-CaCO3 相互作用。发现在溶液中加入 K+ 和 Ca2+ 阳离子（最高 10 mM）会降低排斥力强度（范围从 20 nm 到小于 5 nm），甚至将排斥力转化为粘附力。然而，观察到 SO42- 阴离子能够增强沥青-CaCO3 排斥力。这与处理石英油砂不同。在 QCM-D 测量中，额外的离子会抑制沥青-方解石吸附行为，但效果受离子类型和强度的影响。基于 zeta 电位测量和 MD 模拟，发现 Ca2+ 阳离子更优选吸附在 CaCO3 表面和沥青上。吸附的 Ca2+ 阳离子充当连接油和 CaCO3 表面的离子桥。因此，Ca2+ 阳离子在溶液中的积累会降低碳酸盐油藏的采收率。然而，SO42-阴离子更倾向于只吸附在CaCO3 表面，阻止沥青和方解石表面之间的吸附。因此，在低盐水中去除Ca2+或增加SO42-将有助于碳酸盐油藏的EOR 发现 Ca2+ 阳离子更优选吸附在 CaCO3 表面和沥青上。吸附的 Ca2+ 阳离子充当连接油和 CaCO3 表面的离子桥。因此，Ca2+ 阳离子在溶液中的积累会降低碳酸盐油藏的采收率。然而，SO42-阴离子更倾向于只吸附在CaCO3 表面，阻止沥青和方解石表面之间的吸附。因此，在低盐水中去除Ca2+或增加SO42-将有助于碳酸盐油藏的EOR 发现 Ca2+ 阳离子更优选吸附在 CaCO3 表面和沥青上。吸附的 Ca2+ 阳离子充当连接油和 CaCO3 表面的离子桥。因此，Ca2+ 阳离子在溶液中的积累会降低碳酸盐油藏的采收率。然而，SO42-阴离子更倾向于只吸附在CaCO3 表面，阻止沥青和方解石表面之间的吸附。因此，在低盐水中去除Ca2+或增加SO42-将有助于碳酸盐油藏的EOR 然而，SO42-阴离子更倾向于只吸附在CaCO3 表面，阻止沥青和方解石表面之间的吸附。因此，在低盐水中去除Ca2+或增加SO42-将有助于碳酸盐油藏的EOR 然而，SO42-阴离子更倾向于只吸附在CaCO3 表面，阻止沥青和方解石表面之间的吸附。因此，在低盐水中去除Ca2+或增加SO42-将有助于碳酸盐油藏的EOR