The present research was attempted to examine the human health risks due to nitrate contamination in the groundwater of Texvalley (Tiruppur region) of southern India. Groundwater samples (n=40) were picked up from open wells (shallow aquifer) and tube wells (deep aquifer) during January 2020, and laboratory examination was conducted for various major physicochemical constituents. Nitrate concentration varied from 10 to 290 mg/l with a mean of 83.45 mg/l. About 58% (n=23) of the wells exceeded the recommended limit (>45 mg/l) of World Health Organisation, which spread over an area of 335.16 km². Among this, 45% of the samples (n=18) represented shallow aquifers (depth < 15m), and 13% of them (n=5) represented deep aquifers (depth > 15m). Synthetic fertilizers, cow dung and sheep manure, industrial discharge, septic tank leakage and municipal solid waste disposal are the major sources of nitrate pollution in this region. The USEPA health risk assessment model was applied in this study to assess hazard quotients (HQ) according to the NO₃^- exposure in various age groups of inhabitants through two different pathways such as drinking (HQ_oral) and skin contact (HQ_dermal). Eventually, total hazard index (THI) was obtained for all the groundwater samples for different age groups. According to THI, 87%, 78%, 66%, 60%, 56% and 48% of the samples contain health risks (THI >1) for infants, kids, children, teens, adults and aged people, respectively. The study finally recommended six environmental friendly actions for the groundwater quality improvements and for the sustainable health management.

本研究试图检验印度南部特克斯瓦利（蒂鲁普尔地区）地下水中硝酸盐污染引起的人类健康风险。2020年1月期间，从露天井（浅层含水层）和管井（深层含水层）中采集了地下水样品（n = 40），并对各种主要的理化成分进行了实验室检查。硝酸盐浓度从10到290 mg / l不等，平均值为83.45 mg / l。约58％（n = 23）的井超过了世界卫生组织建议的限值（> 45 mg / l），该限值分布在335.16 km ²的区域。其中，45％的样本（n = 18）代表浅层含水层（深度<15m），其中13％的样本（n = 5）代表深层含水层（深度> 15m）。合成肥料，牛粪和绵羊粪便，工业废水，化粪池泄漏和城市固体废物处理是该地区硝酸盐污染的主要来源。美国环境保护局的健康风险评估模型，在根据否此研究，以评估灾害商（HQ）适用₃ ^-暴露在居民的各年龄组通过两个不同的途径，如饮酒（HQ_口腔）和皮肤接触（HQ_真皮）。最终，获得了不同年龄组的所有地下水样品的总危害指数（THI）。根据THI，分别有87％，78％，66％，60％，56％和48％的样本对婴儿，孩子，儿童，青少年，成人和老年人具有健康风险（THI> 1）。该研究最终建议了六项环保行动，以改善地下水质量和可持续健康管理。