The rapid development of industrialization and urbanization results in a numerous production of various organic chemicals to meet the increasing demand in high-quality life. During the synthesis and utilization of these chemical products, their residues unavoidably emerged in environments to severely threaten human’s health. It is thus urgent to exploit effective technology for readily removing the organic pollutants with high selectivity and good reusability. As one of the most promising approaches, molecular imprinting technology (MIT) employs a chemically synthetic route to construct artificial recognition sites in highly-crosslinked matrix with complementary cavity and functional groups to target species, which have been attracting more and more interest for environmental remediation, such as the selective adsorption/separation and improved catalytic degradation of pollutants. In this review, MIT is first introduced briefly to understand their preparing process, recognition mechanism and common imprinted systems. Then, their specific binding affinities are demonstrated for selectively adsorbing and removing target molecules with a large capacity. Furthermore, the innovative utilization of MIT in catalytic eradication of pollutants is comprehensively overviewed to emphasize their enhanced efficiency and improved performances, which are classified by the used catalytically-active nanocrystals and imprinted systems. After summarizing recent advances in these fields, some limitations are discussed and possible suggestions are given to guide the future exploitation on MIT for environmental protection.

工业化和城市化的飞速发展导致各种有机化学品的大量生产，以满足对高质量生活日益增长的需求。在这些化学产品的合成和利用过程中，它们的残留物不可避免地出现在严重威胁人类健康的环境中。因此，迫切需要开发有效的技术来以高选择性和良好的可重复使用性容易地去除有机污染物。作为最有前途的方法之一，分子印迹技术（MIT）采用化学合成途径在高度交联的基质中构建人工识别位点，该基质具有互补的空腔和官能团以靶向目标物种，这已引起越来越多的环境修复兴趣，例如选择性吸附/分离和改善污染物的催化降解。在这篇综述中，首先简要介绍了麻省理工学院，以了解他们的准备过程，识别机制和常见的印迹系统。然后，证明了它们的特异性结合亲和力可选择性吸附和去除大容量目标分子。此外，对MIT在催化消除污染物中的创新应用进行了全面概述，以强调其提高的效率和改进的性能，这些特性按使用的催化活性纳米晶体和压印系统分类。在总结了这些领域的最新进展后，讨论了一些局限性，并提出了可能的建议，以指导未来在麻省理工学院进行环境保护。