Abstract It is well established that the thermal urban environment differs from the countryside. The three-dimensional physical obstacles, the different thermal and radiative properties of urban surfaces, and human activities influence all terms of the urban energy balance such as net radiation Q* (shortwave and longwave), turbulent sensible and latent heat fluxes QH and QE respectively, as well as the heat storage ΔQS amounts and temporal cycles. This mostly leads to increase in air temperatures known as microscale urban heat island, but could also result in temperature decrease, termed cool island. These patterns vary in time and magnitude depending on the interactive effects of manifold urban and building parameters. The present paper reports on an extensive study using TEB model to explore these relationships. Thereby, urban canyon geometry and building construction (thermal insulation, thermal inertia) are varied following a systematic design of experiments plan (DOE). The temperate mid-European location of Mannheim (TRY12) was used as a case study. The results report daily, monthly and yearly cycles of urban air and surface temperatures and energy balances. Urban canyons bounded by massive or lightweight constructions show different sensible and heat storage daily cycles and consequently different patterns of heat release and periods of in-canyon warming. Massive construction causes nighttime warming whereas lightweight construction leads to daytime warming, both being exacerbated as the canyon gets deeper. Thermal insulation also proved to have thermal effects outdoors. This research points out the need to consider urban microclimate in building energy studies under such modified boundary conditions.

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探索城市峡谷的热行为和能量平衡与其几何和建设特性的关系

摘要 众所周知，城市热环境不同于农村。三维物理障碍、城市表面不同的热和辐射特性以及人类活动分别影响城市能量平衡的所有项，例如净辐射 Q*（短波和长波）、湍流感热通量和潜热通量 QH 和 QE ，以及蓄热 ΔQS 量和时间周期。这主要会导致气温升高，称为微尺度城市热岛，但也可能导致温度下降，称为冷岛。这些模式在时间和幅度上有所不同，具体取决于多种城市和建筑参数的交互作用。本论文报告了使用 TEB 模型探索这些关系的广泛研究。从而，根据实验计划 (DOE) 的系统设计，城市峡谷的几何形状和建筑结构（隔热、热惯性）会发生变化。曼海姆 (TRY12) 位于欧洲中部的温带地区被用作案例研究。结果报告了城市空气和地表温度以及能量平衡的每日、每月和每年循环。以大型或轻型建筑为界的城市峡谷显示出不同的显热和蓄热日循环，因此不同的热释放模式和峡谷内变暖的时期。大型建筑会导致夜间变暖，而轻型建筑会导致白天变暖，随着峡谷变深，两者都会加剧。隔热也被证明在户外具有热效应。