To investigate the characteristics and influencing factors of the heavy metal pollution in surface dust of driving schools, 128 dust samples have been collected from 22 driving schools in Wuhu city, Anhui province. The distribution characteristics, sources and ecological risks of Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in the surface dust of driving schools are under detailed analysis. The results showed the elements of Cu, Pb, Zn and Cr in the surface dust of driving school from Wuhu appear pollution. The training environment of driving school, emission mode of training car and density of training car have a great influence on the content of Cr, Cu, Zn and Pb in surface dust of driving schools. The contents of Cr, Cu and Pb in the surface dust of driving schools as the following: reverse parking stall and side orientation > S bend as well as ramp and right angle bend > control point, Zn: reverse parking stall and side orientation > right angle bend > S bend and ramp > control point. Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn mainly come from exhaust emission, friction of automobile parts and tire wear during motor vehicle driving training. Co and Ni mainly come from natural sources. Although the comprehensive ecological risk index of surface dust in driving schools reaches slight ecological risk, and the elements of Pb, Zn and Cu are the main risk factors. But all above shows that enough attention should be paid to heavy metal pollution brought by training activities.

为调查驾校表面粉尘中重金属污染的特征及影响因素，从安徽芜湖市22所驾校中采集了128个尘埃样品。详细分析了驾驶学校表面粉尘中Co，Cr，Cu，Ni，Pb和Zn的分布特征，来源和生态风险。结果表明，芜湖市驾校表面粉尘中的铜，铅，锌，铬等元素均出现污染。驾驶学校的训练环境，训练车的排放方式和训练车的密度对驾驶学校表面粉尘中Cr，Cu，Zn和Pb的含量影响很大。驾驶学校表面粉尘中的Cr，Cu和Pb的含量如下：倒车档位和侧面方向> S弯曲以及坡度和直角弯曲>控制点，Zn：倒车停转和侧面方向>直角弯曲> S弯曲和坡度>控制点。Cr，Cu，Pb和Zn主要来自机动车驾驶培训中的废气排放，汽车零件的摩擦和轮胎磨损。钴和镍主要来自自然资源。驾驶学校地面粉尘的综合生态风险指数虽然达到了轻微的生态风险，但铅，锌，铜等元素是主要的危险因素。但是以上所有这些表明，应当充分重视培训活动带来的重金属污染。汽车驾驶培训中汽车零件的摩擦和轮胎磨损。钴和镍主要来自自然资源。驾驶学校表层尘埃综合生态风险指数虽然达到了轻微的生态风险，但铅，锌，铜等元素是主要的危险因素。但是以上所有这些表明，应当充分重视培训活动带来的重金属污染。汽车驾驶培训中汽车零件的摩擦和轮胎磨损。钴和镍主要来自自然资源。驾驶学校地面粉尘的综合生态风险指数虽然达到了轻微的生态风险，但铅，锌，铜等元素是主要的危险因素。但是以上所有这些表明，应当充分重视培训活动带来的重金属污染。