Photovoltaic microgrids provide free renewable energy solutions for Rwandans. Although solar technology keeps on its advancement, hydropower remains the principal power source in Rwanda. Other renewable power sources include wind and geothermal energies that are not yet fully exploited. Nonrenewable sources in Rwanda including methane, peat, thermal, and fuels are also used for providing energy solutions for the citizens. Rwanda Energy Group (REG) sets the energy strategic plan since 2015 for achieving the minimum of 512 MW of energy production in 2024/2025 to meet the total energy demand. The plan predicted 52% for grid-connected and 48% for off-grid (standalone) connections. The literature survey and data analysis collected on site were used to evaluate and determine the best cheaper microgrid model from the three comparison case studies for the household in Rwanda. The study focused on the economic power generation model mainly based on solar resources to minimize the electricity cost and provide income for the excess energy produced. Moreover, the study resulted in a low-cost (four times cheaper), reliable, and affordable grid-connected PV and battery microgrid model for a residential home with a minimum daily load of 5.467 kWh. The simulation results based on economic comparison analysis found the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) and net present cost (NPC) for each power-generated model by using Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewable (Homer) pro software. The results show that the LCOE for electricity production by each of the Grid connected-PV-Battery system, Diesel GenSet-PV-Batteries, and PV-Batteries systems was 0.0645 US$/1 kWh, 1.38 US$/1 kWh and 1.82 US$/1 kWh, respectively, compared with 0.2621 US$/1 kWh, the current residential electricity price (2020) for Rwanda.

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卢旺达住宅负荷的可靠、可行和低成本光伏微电网的比较分析

光伏微电网为卢旺达人提供免费的可再生能源解决方案。尽管太阳能技术不断进步，但水电仍然是卢旺达的主要能源。其他可再生能源包括尚未充分利用的风能和地热能。卢旺达的不可再生资源，包括甲烷、泥炭、热能和燃料，也用于为公民提供能源解决方案。卢旺达能源集团 (REG) 制定了自 2015 年以来的能源战略计划，以在 2024/2025 年实现至少 512 兆瓦的能源生产以满足总能源需求。该计划预测并网为 52%，离网（独立）连接为 48%。现场收集的文献调查和数据分析用于评估和确定卢旺达家庭的三个比较案例研究中最便宜的微电网模型。该研究侧重于主要基于太阳能资源的经济发电模式，以最大限度地降低电力成本并为产生的多余能源提供收入。此外，该研究为住宅提供了一种低成本（便宜四倍）、可靠且负担得起的并网光伏和电池微电网模型，其最低日负荷为 5.467 千瓦时。基于经济比较分析的模拟结果，通过使用混合电力可再生优化模型 (Homer) pro 软件，找到了每个发电模型的平准化能源成本 (LCOE) 和净现值成本 (NPC)。