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Searching for shocks in high-mass starless clump candidates
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society ( IF 4.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-09 , DOI: 10.1093/mnras/staa3100
Feng-Yao Zhu 1 , Jun-Zhi Wang 1 , Tie Liu 1, 2 , Kee-Tae Kim 2, 3 , Qing-Feng Zhu 4 , Fei Li 1
Affiliation  

In order to search for shocks in the very early stage of star formation, we performed single-point surveys of SiO J=1-0, 2-1 and 3-2 lines and the H$_2$CO $2_{12}-1_{11}$ line toward a sample of 100 high-mass starless clump candidates (SCCs) by using the Korean VLBI Network (KVN) 21-m radio telescopes. The detection rates of the SiO J=1-0, 2-1, 3-2 lines and the H$_2$CO line are $31.0\%$, $31.0\%$, $19.5\%$ and $93.0\%$, respectively. Shocks seem to be common in this stage of massive star formation. The widths of the observed SiO lines (full width at zero power (FWZP)) range from 3.4 to 55.1 km s$^{-1}$. A significant fraction ($\sim29\%$) of the detected SiO spectra have broad line widths (FWZP $>20~km~s^{-1}$), which are very likely associated with fast shocks driven by protostellar outflows. This result suggests that about one third of the SiO-detected SCCs are not really starless but protostellar. On the other hand, about 40$\%$ of the detected SiO spectra show narrow line widths (FWZP<10 $km~s^{-1}$) probably associated with low-velocity shocks which are not necessarily protostellar in origin. The estimated SiO column densities are mostly $0.31-4.32\times10^{12}~cm^{-2}$. Comparing the SiO column densities derived from SiO J=1-0 and 2-1 lines, we suggest that the SiO molecules in the SCCs may be in the non-LTE condition. The SiO abundances to H$_2$ are usually $0.20-10.92\times10^{-10}$.

中文翻译:

在大质量无星团候选者中寻找激波

为了在恒星形成的早期阶段寻找冲击,我们对 SiO J=1-0、2-1 和 3-2 线以及 H$_2$CO $2_{12}- 1_{11}$ 使用韩国 VLBI 网络 (KVN) 21 米射电望远镜对 100 个大质量无星团块候选 (SCC) 的样本进行分析。SiO J=1-0、2-1、3-2线和H$_2$CO线的检出率分别为$31.0\%$、$31.0\%$、$19.5\%$和$93.0\%$ . 在大质量恒星形成的这个阶段,冲击似乎很常见。观察到的 SiO 线的宽度(零功率全宽 (FWZP))范围从 3.4 到 55.1 公里 s$^{-1}$。检测到的 SiO 光谱的很大一部分 ($\sim29\%$) 具有较宽的线宽 (FWZP $>20~km~s^{-1}$),这很可能与原恒星外流驱动的快速冲击有关。这一结果表明,大约三分之一的 SiO 检测到的 SCC 并不是真正的无星而是原恒星。另一方面,大约 40$\%$ 检测到的 SiO 光谱显示窄线宽(FWZP<10 $km~s^{-1}$)可能与低速冲击有关,这些冲击不一定起源于原恒星。估计的 SiO 柱密度大多为 $0.31-4.32\times10^{12}~cm^{-2}$。比较来自 SiO J=1-0 和 2-1 线的 SiO 柱密度,我们认为 SCC 中的 SiO 分子可能处于非 LTE 条件。H$_2$ 的 SiO 丰度通常为 $0.20-10.92\times10^{-10}$。10 $km~s^{-1}$) 可能与不一定起源于原恒星的低速冲击有关。估计的 SiO 柱密度大多为 $0.31-4.32\times10^{12}~cm^{-2}$。比较来自 SiO J=1-0 和 2-1 线的 SiO 柱密度,我们认为 SCC 中的 SiO 分子可能处于非 LTE 条件。H$_2$ 的 SiO 丰度通常为 $0.20-10.92\times10^{-10}$。10 $km~s^{-1}$) 可能与不一定起源于原恒星的低速冲击有关。估计的 SiO 柱密度大多为 $0.31-4.32\times10^{12}~cm^{-2}$。比较来自 SiO J=1-0 和 2-1 线的 SiO 柱密度,我们认为 SCC 中的 SiO 分子可能处于非 LTE 条件。H$_2$ 的 SiO 丰度通常为 $0.20-10.92\times10^{-10}$。
更新日期:2020-10-09
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