Context Knowledge of the nutrient requirements of dairy cows, and the nutritional composition and physical form of the feed resources used to prepare the total mixed ration (TMR) of basic and concentrated feeds, is essential to achieving high milk yields, health and welfare in modern commercial herds. Grass and maize silage components can vary widely in composition depending on harvesting intervals and weather; thus, the distribution of dry matter (DM) and nutrients in silos may vary greatly, resulting in serious errors during sampling and analysis. In addition, the flow of information from the stored silage stops once the forages are stored in the silo. Aims The objective of this study was to develop a practical approach for measuring variations in DM and silage quality parameters (crude protein, fibre, ash and fat) during the feed-extraction process from a bunker silo by a self-propelled feed mixer, which would ultimately help farmers to optimise the TMR. Methods . Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) technology was used to estimate fodder DM and nutrient contents in the material flow. Wet chemical analyses were used for preliminary evaluation of grass and maize silage samples. A portable NIRS was developed to record the spectra of various silage samples. Key results The spans of calibration of sample DM content were 21.3–59.2% for grass and 26–46.7% for maize. Crude protein content had span values of 11.4–18.3% for the grass silage and 5.4–10.8% for the maize silage models. Conclusions NIRS technology was used successfully to estimate the DM and nutrient contents of the fodder. The location for the functional unit on the self-propelled feed mixer may need to be modified for series production because it is not fully accessible. Implications NIRS is a suitable method for measuring DM and nutrient contents continuously during feed extraction from the bunker silo and can be used to help farmers to optimise the TMR.

中文翻译：

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通过使用安装在自走式饲料搅拌机上的近红外光谱系统优化饲料配给中的干物质和养分

背景 了解奶牛的营养需求，以及用于制备基本和浓缩饲料的总混合日粮 (TMR) 的饲料资源的营养成分和物理形式，对于现代奶牛实现高产奶量、健康和福利至关重要。商业牛群。草和玉米青贮成分的组成可能因收获间隔和天气而有很大差异；因此，筒仓中干物质（DM）和养分的分布可能会有很大差异，从而导致采样和分析过程中出现严重错误。此外，一旦草料储存在筒仓中，来自储存青贮饲料的信息流就会停止。目的 本研究的目的是开发一种实用的方法来测量干物质和青贮质量参数（粗蛋白质、纤维、灰和脂肪）在通过自走式饲料搅拌机从料仓中提取饲料的过程中，最终将帮助农民优化 TMR。方法 。近红外光谱 (NIRS) 技术用于估计物料流中的饲料干物质和营养成分。湿化学分析用于草和玉米青贮样品的初步评估。开发了便携式 NIRS 来记录各种青贮样品的光谱。主要结果 样品 DM 含量的校准范围为草的 21.3-59.2% 和玉米的 26-46.7%。粗蛋白含量的跨度值为 11.4-18.3% 的草青贮饲料和 5.4-10.8% 的玉米青贮饲料模型。结论 近红外光谱技术成功地用于估计饲料的干物质和养分含量。自走式饲料搅拌机上功能单元的位置可能需要修改以进行批量生产，因为它不能完全接近。影响 NIRS 是一种在从料仓中提取饲料期间连续测量干物质和营养成分的合适方法，可用于帮助农民优化 TMR。