The microbiome, an important aspect of fish aquaculture, is influenced by exogenous factors in the rearing environment including the composition and nutrient quality of the diet. To reduce reliance on fishmeal, alternative protein sources including yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), have been successfully used in many aquafeeds. To investigate the effect of supplemented lysed and dried yeast on the fish physiology, including the intestinal epithelial‐associated microbiome composition, rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were fed a standard commercial diet or one of four additional in‐house extruded experimental diets containing 0%, 20%, 40% or 60% yeast nutrient supplement as a menhaden fishmeal substitute for 16 weeks. The commercial diet, 0%, and 20% supplement‐fed fish had similar average weight gains that were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in comparison to groups with a higher percentage of yeast. To examine if the yeast‐supplemented diet had any impact on the intestinal epithelial‐associated microbiome, both phylum‐ and family‐level comparisons of the microbial communities across treatments were made. The dominant families were Mycoplasmataceae and Fusobacteriaceae with Mycoplasma spp. and Cetobacterium somerae being the dominant organisms, respectively. Results from bioinformatics analysis showed little community variation between experimental diets, suggesting that lysed and dried yeast will serve as a dietary supplement without causing large shifts in the intestinal microbiome community.

中文翻译：

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酵母饮食补充剂对虹鳟鱼肠道菌群的影响

微生物组是鱼类水产养殖的重要方面，受饲养环境中外源因素的影响，包括饮食的组成和营养质量。为了减少对鱼粉的依赖，包括酵母（Saccharomyces cerevisiae）在内的其他蛋白质来源已成功用于许多水产饲料中。研究补充的裂解酵母和干酵母对鱼类生理的影响，包括肠道上皮相关微生物组组成，虹鳟鱼（Oncorhynchus mykiss）接受标准商业饮食或另外4种内部挤压实验饮食中的一种，这些饮食中含有0％，20％，40％或60％酵母营养补充剂作为鱼粉的替代品，为期16周。商业饮食，0％和20％的补饲鱼具有相似的平均体重增加， 与酵母含量较高的组相比，体重增加显着（p <0.05）。为了检查补充酵母的饮食对肠道上皮相关微生物组是否有影响，对不同处理过程中微生物群落的系统水平和家庭水平进行了比较。占主导地位的家庭被Mycoplasmataceae和Fusobacteriaceae与支原体属。和Sometoe杆菌分别是优势生物。生物信息学分析的结果表明，实验饮食之间的群落差异很小，这表明经裂解和干燥的酵母将作为膳食补充剂，而不会引起肠道微生物组群落的大幅变化。