Biofloc technology (BFT) systems have been driven towards increased sustainability in the last decade. BFT depends on maintenance of the optimal carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratio through supplementation with organic carbon sources. The types of carbon sources and addition strategies are critical considerations in BFT systems. Thus for the purpose of this review, a thorough search of the literature was conducted to gather relevant information from reliable sources, ranging from reputable journals to books and useful reports in the field of BFT. Keywords used for the literature search include: ‘biofloc technology systems’, ‘carbon sources’, ‘solid carbon sources’, ‘effects of carbons sources’, ‘carbon source addition strategies’, ‘nutritional quality of bioflocs’, ‘carbon sources and water quality’, ‘C/N ratio in BFT’, and ‘carbon sources and bacterial community’. Among the several peer-reviewed articles, books and technical reports consulted, 147 (dated from 1987 to 2020) were relevant for the preparation of this review. The current review thus examines the subject of supplemental carbon sources in BFT systems and discusses the various effects of their application with respect to the culture organism, microorganisms, water quality and the nutritional quality of flocs. The benefits and challenges associated with the types of carbon sources used in BFTs are also presented. Suggested organic carbon sources and their addition strategies are provided, and further research directions are proposed.

中文翻译：

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应用于生物絮凝技术水产养殖系统的补充碳源：类型、效果和未来研究

在过去的十年中，生物絮团技术 (BFT) 系统一直致力于提高可持续性。BFT 取决于通过补充有机碳源来维持最佳碳氮 (C/N) 比。碳源的类型和添加策略是 BFT 系统中的关键考虑因素。因此，出于本次审查的目的，对文献进行了彻底搜索，以从可靠来源收集相关信息，从知名期刊到书籍和 BFT 领域的有用报告。用于文献检索的关键词包括：“生物絮团技术系统”、“碳源”、“固体碳源”、“碳源的影响”、“碳源添加策略”、“生物絮团的营养质量”、“碳源和碳源”。水质', 'BFT 中的 C/N 比', 和“碳源和细菌群落”。在查阅的几篇同行评议文章、书籍和技术报告中，147 篇（日期为 1987 年至 2020 年）与本综述的准备有关。因此，当前的审查审查了 BFT 系统中补充碳源的主题，并讨论了它们的应用对培养生物、微生物、水质和絮体营养质量的各种影响。还介绍了与 BFT 中使用的碳源类型相关的好处和挑战。提供了建议的有机碳源及其添加策略，并提出了进一步的研究方向。因此，当前的审查审查了 BFT 系统中补充碳源的主题，并讨论了它们的应用对培养生物、微生物、水质和絮体营养质量的各种影响。还介绍了与 BFT 中使用的碳源类型相关的好处和挑战。提供了建议的有机碳源及其添加策略，并提出了进一步的研究方向。因此，当前的审查审查了 BFT 系统中补充碳源的主题，并讨论了它们的应用对培养生物、微生物、水质和絮体营养质量的各种影响。还介绍了与 BFT 中使用的碳源类型相关的好处和挑战。提供了建议的有机碳源及其添加策略，并提出了进一步的研究方向。