Through using different sources, population reintroductions can create genetically diverse populations at low risk of harmful inbreeding and well equipped for adaptation to future environments. Genetic variation from one source can mask locally nonoptimal alleles from another, thereby enhancing adaptive potential and population persistence. We assessed the outcomes in survival, growth and reproduction of using two differentiated sources (genetically diverse Yarra and moderately diverse Dartmouth) for translocations and stocking to reintroduce the endangered Australian freshwater Macquarie perch Macquaria australasica into the Ovens River. For stocking, same‐ and different‐population parents (“cross‐types”) were used during hatchery production. Genetic samples and data on individual fish were collected over three years of monitoring the Ovens. We genetically assigned Ovens fish to their broodstock parents and tested whether cross‐type and genetic dissimilarity between parents are associated with offspring survival, and whether cross‐type and parental dissimilarity or individual genetic diversity are associated with somatic growth rates of stocked fish. We genetically identified translocated fish and assessed local recruit ancestry. Of 296 Ovens fish, 31.1% were inferred to be stocked, 1.3% translocated and 67.6% locally born. Cross‐type strongly predicted survival of stocked offspring: those with two Yarra parents had the highest survival, followed by offspring with two‐population, then Dartmouth, ancestry. Of the Ovens recruits, 59.5% had Yarra, 33.5% two‐population and 7.0% Dartmouth ancestry, despite 67% of stocked and 98% of translocated fish originating from Dartmouth. Offspring with two Yarra parents grew faster than offspring of Dartmouth or two‐population ancestry. Although Dartmouth fish appear to be less fit in the Ovens compared to Yarra fish, possibly due to deleterious variation or genetic or plastic maladaptation, they contribute to the reintroduced population through local interbreeding with Yarra fish and relatively high survival of stocked offspring of two‐population ancestry. Thus, combining compatible stocks is likely to benefit restoration of other wildlife populations.

中文翻译：

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在重新引入当地灭绝种群期间使用多种来源有利于濒临灭绝的淡水鱼的生存和繁殖


通过使用不同的来源，种群重新引入可以创造出基因多样化的种群，有害近亲繁殖的风险较低，并且有能力适应未来的环境。来自一个来源的遗传变异可以掩盖来自另一个来源的局部非最佳等位基因，从而增强适应潜力和种群持久性。我们评估了使用两种不同来源（基因多样化的亚拉和适度多样化的达特茅斯）进行易位和放养以将濒临灭绝的澳大利亚淡水麦格理鲈Macquaria australasica重新引入奥文斯河的生存、生长和繁殖结果。对于放养，在孵化场生产过程中使用相同和不同种群的亲本（“交叉型”）。经过三年的监测烤箱，收集了个体鱼类的遗传样本和数据。我们将烤箱鱼基因分配给其亲鱼亲本，并测试亲本之间的交叉类型和遗传差异是否与后代存活相关，以及交叉类型和亲本差异或个体遗传多样性是否与放养鱼的体细胞生长率相关。我们对易位的鱼进行了基因鉴定并评估了当地的新成员血统。在 296 种烤箱鱼中，31.1% 被推断为放养，1.3% 为易地，67.6% 为本地出生。交叉类型强烈预测了放养后代的存活率：具有两个雅拉父母的后代存活率最高，其次是具有两个种群的后代，然后是达特茅斯血统。尽管 67% 的放养鱼和 98% 的易地鱼来自达特茅斯，但在 Ovens 新招募的鱼中，59.5% 有雅拉血统，33.5% 有双重种群，7.0% 有达特茅斯血统。 有两个雅拉父母的后代比达特茅斯或双种群血统的后代生长得更快。尽管与雅拉鱼相比，达特茅斯鱼似乎不太适合在烤箱中饲养，这可能是由于有害变异或遗传或塑料适应不良，但它们通过与雅拉鱼进行本地杂交以及两个种群的放养后代相对较高的存活率，有助于重新引入种群。祖先。因此，结合兼容的种群可能有利于其他野生动物种群的恢复。