Associations of neurobiological differences with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have generated interest in their temporal relation. Support has been voiced for the neurotoxic stress theory (NST) in which neurobiological differences develop following exposure and PTSD development. In contrast, the diathesis stress theory (DST) posits that neurobiological differences existed prior to exposure and may be vulnerability factors for PTSD. Studies in the first wave of neurobiological PTSD research were all cross sectional, but a second wave of research followed which used prospective repeated-measures designs that measured neurobiology prior to trauma exposure experiences, allowing greater causal inference.

中文翻译：

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素质压力和神经毒性压力理论的重新审视：创伤前神经生物学与创伤后压力症状相关的定性评价

神经生物学差异与创伤后应激障碍 (PTSD) 的关联引起了人们对其时间关系的兴趣。神经毒性压力理论 (NST) 得到了支持，其中神经生物学差异在暴露和 PTSD 发展后发展。相比之下，素质压力理论 (DST) 假设神经生物学差异在暴露之前就存在，并且可能是 PTSD 的易感性因素。第一波神经生物学 PTSD 研究中的研究都是横断面的，但随后的第二波研究使用了前瞻性的重复测量设计，这些设计在创伤暴露经历之前测量了神经生物学，从而可以进行更大的因果推理。