The pervasive contamination of microplastics (MPs) in freshwater ecosystems is of emerging concern. Mechanistic link between exposure and effect on assessing health risk of freshwater fish posed by environmental MPs, however, is more limited. Our study filled this gap by developing a toxicokinetic/toxicodynamic (TK/TD)-based risk assessment framework to examine health effects of zebrafish and red tilapia responses to environmental concentrations of MPs appraised with a variety of valuable published data on a global scale. We assessed organ-specific TK parameters and mean residence times for polystyrene (PS)-MPs-exposed freshwater fish in size- and concentration-dependent manners. We estimated the relatively sensitive benchmark concentrations (BMCs) of PS-MPs for oxidative stress in zebrafish and detoxification in red tilapia to be ~1.0 and ~ 119 μg g⁻¹, respectively. Based on continental scale MPs trends, the high MPs concentrations were over Asia, with a mean value of 36 mg L⁻¹. Given metabolic disturbances in zebrafish and red tilapia as bioindicators, we found that MPs pollution was highly likely to enhance fish health risks and that this factor must therefore be considered in evaluations of MPs susceptibility of freshwater fish. Our TK/TD-based risk scheme could help inform intensified efforts to mitigate environmental MPs pollution in order to benefit freshwater fish species and people who depend on healthy stocks of different fish.

淡水生态系统中普遍存在的微塑料（MPs）污染正在引起人们的关注。然而，环境国会议员的接触与评估淡水鱼健康风险的影响之间的机制联系更为有限。我们的研究通过建立基于毒物动力学/毒物动力学（TK / TD）的风险评估框架来填补这一空白，以检查斑马鱼和红罗非鱼对MP的环境浓度的健康影响，并在全球范围内通过各种有价值的公开数据进行了评估。我们以大小和浓度依赖的方式评估了暴露于聚苯乙烯（MP）-MPs的淡水鱼的器官特定的TK参数和平均停留时间。我们估计PS-MP对斑马鱼的氧化应激和红罗非鱼的解毒相对敏感的基准浓度（BMC）为〜1。^-1。根据大陆地区MP的趋势，MP的高浓度遍布亚洲，平均值为36 mg L ^-1。鉴于斑马鱼和红罗非鱼作为生物指示剂的代谢紊乱，我们发现MP污染极有可能增加鱼类健康风险，因此在评估淡水鱼MP敏感性时必须考虑这一因素。我们基于传统知识/传统知识的风险计划可以帮助人们为减轻环境MP污染而加大力度，以便使淡水鱼类和依赖不同鱼类健康种群的人们受益。