Microglia, immune cells in the brain, play a crucial role in brain inflammation and synaptic plasticity by releasing inflammatory mediators and neurotrophic factors as well as, phagocytosing synaptic elements. Recent studies have shown peripheral inflammation, immune alteration in the brain are associated with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in humans. Several preclinical studies using Pavlovian fear conditioning have suggested that microglia are involved in fear memory dysregulation and altered fear neuronal networks. Microglial priming resulting from previous stressful experiences may also have an effect. This review will introduce the current knowledge of microglial contribution to disturbed fear memory regulation, a fundamental feature of PTSD.

小胶质细胞是大脑中的免疫细胞，通过释放炎症介质和神经营养因子以及吞噬突触元件，在大脑炎症和突触可塑性中起关键作用。最近的研究表明，外周炎症、大脑中的免疫改变与人类的创伤后应激障碍 (PTSD) 相关。几项使用巴甫洛夫恐惧条件反射的临床前研究表明，小胶质细胞与恐惧记忆失调和恐惧神经元网络的改变有关。由先前的压力经历引起的小胶质细胞启动也可能产生影响。本综述将介绍小胶质细胞对恐惧记忆调节紊乱的贡献的当前知识，这是 PTSD 的一个基本特征。