Background

Tris (1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCIPP) has been frequently detected in environmental media and biological samples. However, knowledge of its adverse health consequences is limited, and its impacts on the human gut microbiota, which play a key role in health and disease, remain unexplored.

Objectives

To better evaluate the potential risk of TDCIPP exposure in human health, we investigated the effects of TDCIPP on gut microbiome and gut metabolites in C57BL/6 mice.

Methods

We applied an integrated analytical approach by combing 16S rRNA gene sequencing, metagenomic sequencing and ¹H NMR metabolomics analysis in fecal samples collected from mouse with TDCIPP exposure as well as those from controls.

Results

Both 16S rRNA sequencing and metagenome sequencing showed that TDCIPP exposure significantly changed the gut microbiome, with a remarkable increased Firmicutes at the expense of Bacteroidetes after exposure. Perturbed gut metabolic profiles in the treated group were also observed and closely related with altered gut microbiome. Gene functional annotation analysis further suggested perturbed gut metabolites could be directly caused by altered gut microbiome.

Conclusion

TDCIPP exposure has great influence on the gut ecosystem as reflected by perturbation of microbiome community structure, microbial species, gut microbe associated gene expression and gut metabolites, which may contribute to the progression of certain uncharacterized gut microbiota related host diseases. Our findings provide novel insights into adverse effects of TDCIPP exposure on human health.

中文翻译：

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磷酸三（1,3-二氯-2-丙基）酯暴露会破坏小鼠肠道菌群及其相关代谢产物

背景

经常在环境介质和生物样品中检测到磷酸三（1,3-二氯-2-丙基）酯（TDCIPP）。然而，对其不良健康后果的认识是有限的，并且其对在健康和疾病中起关键作用的人类肠道微生物群的影响尚待探索。

目标

为了更好地评估TDCIPP暴露在人类健康中的潜在风险，我们研究了TDCIPP对C57BL / 6小鼠肠道微生物组和肠道代谢产物的影响。

方法

我们通过结合16S rRNA基因测序，宏基因组测序和¹ H NMR代谢组学分析，对从TDCIPP暴露的小鼠和对照中收集的粪便样品进行了综合分析。

结果

16S rRNA测序和元基因组测序均显示TDCIPP暴露显着改变了肠道微生物组，暴露后显着增加了Firmicutes，而代价是拟杆菌。还观察到治疗组的肠道代谢紊乱，并且与肠道微生物组改变密切相关。基因功能注释分析进一步表明，肠道微生物组改变可能直接引起肠道代谢紊乱。

结论

TDCIPP暴露对肠道生态系统具有巨大影响，这反映在微生物组群落结构，微生物物种，肠道微生物相关基因表达和肠道代谢产物的扰动上，这可能有助于某些未表征的肠道微生物群相关宿主疾病的发展。我们的发现为TDCIPP暴露对人类健康的不良影响提供了新颖的见解。