The relative locations of AOB, NOB, and DNB were examined for three different kinds of carriers in two types of hybrid biofilm process configurations: integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) and moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) processes. IFAS water resource recovery facilities (WRRFs) used Anodkalness K1 carriers (KC) at Broomfield, Colorado, USA and polypropylene resin carriers (RC) at Fukuoka, Japan, while MBBR WRRFs used KC carriers at South Adams County, Colorado, UsA and sponge carriers (SC) at Saga, Japan. Influent COD to N ratios ranged from 8:1 to 15:1. The COD and BOD removal efficiencies were high (96%–98%); NH₄⁺-N and TN removal efficiencies were more varied at 72%–98% and 64%–77%, respectively. The extent of TN removal was higher at high SRT, high COD:N ratio and low DO concentration in the anoxic tank. In IFAS, RC with high specific surface area (SSA) maintained higher AOB population than KC. Sponge carriers with high SSA maintained higher overall bacteria population than KC in MBBR systems. However, the DNB were not more abundant in high SSA carriers. The diversity of AOB, NOB, and DNB was fairly similar in different carriers. Nitrosomonas sp. dominated over Nitrosospira sp. while denitrifying bacteria included Rhodobacter sp., Sulfuritalea sp., Rubrivivax sp., Paracoccus sp., and Pseudomonas sp. The results from this work suggest that high SRT, high COD:N ratio, low DO concentration in anoxic tanks, and carriers with greater surface area may be recommended for high COD, BOD and TN removal in WRRFs with IFAS and MBBR systems.

在两种类型的混合生物膜工艺配置中检查了三种不同类型载体的AOB，NOB和DNB的相对位置：集成固定膜活性污泥（IFAS）和移动床生物膜反应器（MBBR）工艺。IFAS水资源回收设施（WRRF）在美国科罗拉多州的布鲁姆菲尔德使用了Anodkalness K1载体（KC），在日本福冈使用了聚丙烯树脂载体（RC），而MBBR WRRF在美国科罗拉多州的南亚当斯县使用了KC载体和海绵载体。 （SC）在日本佐贺。进水COD与N的比率范围为8：1至15：1。COD和BOD去除效率很高（96％–98％）；NH ₄ ⁺-N和TN的去除效率差异更大，分别为72％–98％和64％–77％。在高SRT，高COD：N比和低氧槽中的DO浓度下，TN的去除程度更高。在IFAS中，具有高比表面积（SSA）的RC保持比KC高的AOB种群。在MBBR系统中，具有较高SSA的海绵载体比KC保持较高的总体细菌种群。但是，在高SSA载波中，DNB并不丰富。在不同的运营商中，AOB，NOB和DNB的多样性非常相似。亚硝化菌。在亚硝基螺菌中占主导地位。而反硝化细菌包括红细菌属，Sulfuritalea属，Rubrivivax属，副球菌属，假单胞菌属。这项工作的结果表明，对于使用IFAS和MBBR系统的WRRF中的高COD，BOD和TN去除，建议使用高SRT，高COD：N比，低氧槽中的DO浓度以及较大表面积的载体。