The agroforestry systems are a potential pathway to improve soil quality and protect against extreme temperatures that negatively impact coffee growth. However, more studies about the effects of inclusion of tree elements in coffee systems soil and water loss dynamics are needed. This study aimed to understand how the inclusion of trees influences the microclimate and soil and water loss in shaded compared with unshaded coffee systems. Two pluviometers, one in shaded and the other in unshaded area, were installed to record hourly data from August 2009 to June 2010. Soil temperature and moisture were monitored by a system of sensors: air temperature, soil temperature at 10 cm depth, and soil moisture at 10, 30 and 100 cm depths, recording data at hourly intervals from August 2009 to June 2010. The surface water runoff and soil mass lost by laminar erosion were measured using collectors. Air temperature under shaded conditions had less variation than under unshaded conditions and lower maximum temperatures. Soil and water loss of both systems were small due to the high soil cover. Our results indicate that the water loss was higher in the unshaded area (338 L ha−1) during the study period compared with the shaded system (150 L ha−1). Soil temperature was lower under shaded conditions and there was water absorption complementarity between coffee and trees in shaded area. Soil moisture of shaded area was lower than unshaded area for all depths in all monitored period. Therefore, the shaded agroforestry coffee systems improve microclimate conditions and deep water drainage compared with unshaded coffee systems.

中文翻译：

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遮荫和未遮荫农林咖啡系统中的小气候和水土流失

农林业系统是改善土壤质量和防止对咖啡生长产生负面影响的极端温度的潜在途径。然而，需要更多关于在咖啡系统水土流失动态中包含树木元素的影响的研究。本研究旨在了解与未遮荫的咖啡系统相比，在遮荫的咖啡系统中，树木的加入如何影响小气候以及水土流失。安装了两个雨量计，一个在阴影区，另一个在无阴影区，用于记录 2009 年 8 月至 2010 年 6 月的每小时数据。土壤温度和湿度由传感器系统监测：空气温度、10 厘米深度的土壤温度和土壤10、30 和 100 厘米深度的水分，从 2009 年 8 月到 2010 年 6 月每小时记录一次数据。使用收集器测量地表水径流和层流侵蚀损失的土壤质量。阴凉条件下的气温变化比无阴凉条件下的变化小，最高温度也较低。由于土壤覆盖度高，两个系统的水土流失都很小。我们的结果表明，与阴影系统 (150 L ha-1) 相比，研究期间无阴影区域 (338 L ha-1) 的失水量更高。遮荫条件下土壤温度较低，遮荫区咖啡与树木吸水量具有互补性。在所有监测期内，所有深度阴影区的土壤水分均低于未阴影区。因此，与未遮荫的咖啡系统相比，有遮荫的农林复合咖啡系统改善了小气候条件和深层排水。