A post–market certification process could promote transparency and trust In August 2020, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) began implementing new regulations for genetically engineered (GE) organisms, the SECURE (sustainable, ecological, consistent, uniform, responsible, efficient) rule (1). SECURE marks the first comprehensive reform of U.S. genetically modified (GM) crop oversight since the agency's initial approach in 1987 (and after several unsuccessful attempts to update its regulations over the past two decades) [see (1) for definitions of GE and GM crops]. The USDA estimates that under this substantial departure from its prior approach, 99% of GM plants will be exempt from premarket field testing and data-based risk assessment requirements (2). This rule has potential implications for international trade as the European Union (EU) is taking a more stringent approach to regulating gene-edited crops and will track them in the marketplace (3). We are also concerned that developers of gene-edited and GM (i.e., biotech) crops, who largely support the SECURE approach (4), are reconstituting the same conditions that led to public rejection and mistrust of the first generation of GM foods (3). To earn greater public trust and transparency, as well as enhance the ability to track gene-edited plants entering the marketplace, we therefore propose a “community-led and responsible governance” (CLEAR-GOV) coalition and certification process for biotech crop developers based on transparent information sharing about current and anticipated market uses of biotech crop varieties.

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社区主导的基因编辑作物治理

上市后认证过程可以促进透明度和信任 2020 年 8 月，美国农业部 (USDA) 开始对转基因 (GE) 生物实施新法规，即 SECURE（可持续、生态、一致、统一、负责任、高效）规则1）。SECURE 标志着美国转基因 (GM) 作物监管的首次全面改革，自该机构于 1987 年首次采取措施（以及在过去二十年中多次尝试更新其法规均未成功之后）[见 (1) 了解转基因作物和转基因作物的定义]。美国农业部估计，在与之前的方法大相径庭的情况下，99% 的转基因植物将免于上市前现场测试和基于数据的风险评估要求 (2)。该规则对国际贸易具有潜在影响，因为欧盟 (EU) 正在采取更严格的方法来监管基因编辑作物，并将在市场上对其进行跟踪 (3)。我们还担心，主要支持 SECURE 方法 (4) 的基因编辑和转基因（即生物技术）作物的开发者正在重新构建导致公众拒绝和不信任第一代转基因食品的相同条件（3 ）。为了获得更大的公众信任和透明度，并增强跟踪进入市场的基因编辑植物的能力，我们因此提出了一个“社区主导和负责任的治理”（CLEAR-GOV）联盟和认证流程，适用于基于转基因作物的开发者关于转基因作物品种当前和预期市场用途的透明信息共享。