Sight is an important sensory input for humans to navigate their surrounding environment independently. Tasks that are simple for the sighted are often difficult for a visually impaired person. Throughout the years, many researchers dedicated their time and efforts to design and implement technologies and devices that can help a visually impaired person to navigate in unknown areas independently. An assistive navigation system integrates multiple advanced technologies such as wayfinding, obstacle avoidance, and human–machine interface to assist the visually impaired. Individual components have been explored extensively in the literature and it is a daunting task to review this literature in its entirety. In this article, a compact but comprehensive collection of available methods to build each component is summarized. The discussed methods in this article may have not been implemented for a navigation assistive technology for visually impaired directly but they have great potential to be integrated as an individual building block for this task. Given that every approach has its own challenges, methods to combat those challenges have been presented. The purpose of this article is to present researchers with a comprehensive review of the available components and methods by recapping the essential knowledge to understand the nuances in each component and give them a baseline to start with.

中文翻译：

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为视障人士建造室内导航系统的技术：综述

视觉是人类独立导航周围环境的重要感官输入。对于有视力的人来说简单的任务对于视障人士来说往往是困难的。多年来，许多研究人员将他们的时间和精力投入到设计和实施可以帮助视障人士在未知区域独立导航的技术和设备。辅助导航系统集成了寻路、避障、人机界面等多项先进技术，为视障人士提供帮助。文献中已经对各个组件进行了广泛的探讨，全面审查这些文献是一项艰巨的任务。在本文中，总结了构建每个组件的可用方法的紧凑但全面的集合。本文中讨论的方法可能尚未针对直接视障人士的导航辅助技术实施，但它们有很大潜力可以集成为该任务的单个构建块。鉴于每种方法都有其自身的挑战，已经提出了应对这些挑战的方法。本文的目的是通过回顾基本知识来向研究人员展示对可用组件和方法的全面审查，以了解每个组件的细微差别，并为他们提供一个基线。已经提出了应对这些挑战的方法。本文的目的是通过回顾基本知识来向研究人员展示对可用组件和方法的全面审查，以了解每个组件的细微差别，并为他们提供一个基线。已经提出了应对这些挑战的方法。本文的目的是通过回顾基本知识来向研究人员展示对可用组件和方法的全面审查，以了解每个组件的细微差别，并为他们提供一个基线。