The development of effective approaches for not only the in vitro maturation (IVM) of heifer/cow oocytes and their extracorporeal fertilization (IVF) but also the non-surgical collection and transfer of bovine embryos has given rise to optimizing comprehensive in vitro embryo production (IVP) technology and improving other assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs), such as cattle cloning by embryo bisection, embryonic cell nuclear transfer (ECNT) and somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). The primary goal of the present paper is to demonstrate the progress and achievements in the strategies utilized for embryonic cell cloning and somatic cell cloning in cattle. Moreover, the current article is focused on recognizing and identifying the suitability and reliability of bovine cloning techniques for nutritional biotechnology, agri-food and biopharmaceutical industry, biomedical and transgenic research and for the genetic rescue of endangered or extinct breeds and species of domesticated or wild-living artiodactyl mammals (even-toed ungulates) originating from the family Bovidae.

中文翻译：

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通过不同的胚胎细胞和体细胞克隆技术生成单基因牛-它们在生物技术，农业，营养，生物医学和转基因研究中的应用

不仅为小母牛/牛卵母细胞的体外成熟（IVM）及其体外受精（IVF）的有效方法的发展，而且为牛胚胎的非手术收集和转移的有效方法的发展引起了对综合性体外优化的优化。胚胎生产（IVP）技术和改进其他辅助生殖技术（ART），例如通过胚胎分割，克隆胚胎细胞核移植（ECNT）和体细胞核移植（SCNT）进行牛克隆。本文的主要目的是证明牛胚胎细胞克隆和体细胞克隆策略的进展和成就。此外，当前的文章着重于认识和鉴定牛克隆技术在营养生物技术，农业食品和生物制药行业，生物医学和转基因研究以及对濒危或绝种的驯养或野生物种和物种的基因拯救中的适用性和可靠性。活的动植物哺乳动物（偶蹄类有蹄类动物），起源于牛科。