The flooding of unprofitable underground mines is one of the methods of their closure. After the drainage of the mine has stopped, the voids left in the rock mass as a result of mining, are filled with inflowing groundwater. In this way, reservoirs of groundwater with specific physicochemical parameters are formed. These parameters depend on the interaction of the water flowing into the workings with the rock formations. It was the economic situation in the 1990s that led to the closure of hard coal mines in the Nowa Ruda Coal Basin, where the flooded “Nowy I” shaft is located. In that shaft, in 2008, hydrogeological research was performed and groundwater samples from five various depths were collected. The aim of the study was to recognize if groundwater stratification occurs in the shaft. In 2015, a sample of the water outflowing through the “Aleksander” adit was taken to check the potential influence of mine flooding on the environment and to confirm the changes in groundwater chemistry over time. These were the first, and so far, the only studies on the chemical composition of water in the flooded mine in that area. The article presents results of the preliminary research, which confirmed the existence of not obvious hydrogeochemical stratification in the shaft. It can be assumed that below the depth of 350 m, the water circulating through mining excavations exhibits the highest electrical conductivity and the highest concentration of Ca2+, K+, SO42−, Fetot. In the depth range of 320–380 m there is a transition zone, in which a decrease of Eh value and a change of reduction and oxidation is recorded. Above this zone, infiltration water inflow, from outside the shaft casing, dominates. The research shows that it would be necessary to perform additional sampling of the water in the shaft at greater depths, as well as to perform isotope analysis and periodical tests for at least several years. This would allow for a more complete characterisation of hydrogeochemical processes taking place in the flooded mine.

中文翻译：

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淹没硬煤矿井“Nowy I”中的地下水化学和分层（波兰西南部 Nowa Ruda 地区）

淹没无利可图的地下矿山是关闭它们的方法之一。矿山排水停止后，由于开采而留在岩体中的空隙充满了流入的地下水。这样，就形成了具有特定物理化学参数的地下水库。这些参数取决于流入工作区的水与岩层的相互作用。正是 1990 年代的经济形势导致了被淹没的“Nowy I”竖井所在的 Nowa Ruda Coal Basin 的硬煤矿关闭。2008 年，在该竖井中进行了水文地质研究，并收集了五个不同深度的地下水样本。该研究的目的是识别竖井中是否发生地下水分层。2015 年，采集了通过“Aleksander”井流出的水样本，以检查矿井洪水对环境的潜在影响，并确认地下水化学成分随时间的变化。这是对该地区被淹矿井中水的化学成分的第一次，也是迄今为止唯一的研究。文章介绍了初步研究的结果，证实了竖井中不存在明显的水文地球化学分层。可以假设在 350 m 深度以下，通过采矿开挖循环的水表现出最高的电导率和最高的 Ca2+、K+、SO42-、Fetot 浓度。在 320～380 m 的深度范围内有一个过渡带，其中记录了 Eh 值的下降和还原和氧化的变化。在这个区域之上，从井筒外部流入的渗透水占主导地位。研究表明，有必要对更深的竖井中的水进行额外采样，并进行同位素分析和至少几年的定期测试。这将允许更完整地表征水淹矿井中发生的水文地球化学过程。