New observations of high-redshift objects are crucial for the improvement of the standard $\Lambda$CDM cosmological model and our understanding of the Universe. One of the main directions of modern observational cosmology is the analysis of the large-scale structure of Universe, in particular, in deep fields. We study the large-scale structure of the Universe along the line of sight using the latest version of the COSMOS2015 catalogue, which contains 518,404 high quality photometric redshifts of galaxies selected in the optical range of the COSMOS field ($2\times 2$ deg${}^2$), with depth up to the redshift $z\sim 6$. We analyze large-scale fluctuations in the number of galaxies along the line of sight and provide an estimate of the average linear sizes of the self-correlating fluctuations (structures) in independent redshift bins of $\Delta z=0.1$ along with the estimate of the standard deviation from homogeneity (the observed cosmic variance). We suggest a new method of the line-of-sight analysis based on previous works and formulate further prospects of method development. For the case of the theoretical form of approximation of homogeneity in the $\Lambda$CDM framework, the average standard deviation of detected structures from homogeneity is ${\sigma }_{\mathrm{mean}}^{\Lambda \mathrm{CDM}}=0.09\pm 0.02$, and the average characteristic size of structures is $R_{\mathrm{mean}}^{\Lambda \mathrm{CDM}}=790\pm 150$ Mpc. For the case of the empirical approximation of homogeneity, the average standard deviation of detected structures from homogeneity is ${\sigma }_{\mathrm{mean}}^{\mathrm{empiric}}=0.08\pm 0.01$, and the average characteristic size of structures is $R_{\mathrm{mean}}^{\mathrm{empiric}}=640\pm 140$ Mpc.

中文翻译：

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COSMOS2015目录中星系空间分布的视线分析

对高红移物体的新观察对于改进标准至关重要 $\Lambda$CDM宇宙学模型和我们对宇宙的理解。现代观测宇宙学的主要方向之一是对宇宙大规模结构的分析，尤其是在深空领域。我们使用最新版本的COSMOS2015目录研究了沿视线的大规模结构，该目录包含在COSMOS场的光学范围内选择的518,404个高质量的星系光度红移（$2\times 2$ 度${}^2$），深度可达redshift $ž〜6$。我们分析了沿视线的星系数量的大规模波动，并提供了独立的红移区中自相关波动（结构）的平均线性大小的估计值$\Delta ž=0.1$以及同质性标准差的估计值（观测到的宇宙方差）。我们建议在以前的工作的基础上提出一种新的视线分析方法，并为方法开发奠定进一步的前景。对于同质近似的理论形式，$\Lambda$CDM框架，检测到的结构与同质性的平均标准偏差为 ${\sigma }_{\mathrm{意思}}^{\Lambda \mathrm{清洁发展机制}}=0.09\pm 0.02$，并且结构的平均特征尺寸为 ${\mathrm{[R}}_{\mathrm{意思}}^{\Lambda \mathrm{清洁发展机制}}=790\pm 150$Mpc。对于同质性的经验近似，检测到的结构与同质性的平均标准偏差为${\sigma }_{\mathrm{意思}}^{\mathrm{经验}}=0.08\pm 0.01$，并且结构的平均特征尺寸为 ${\mathrm{[R}}_{\mathrm{意思}}^{\mathrm{经验}}=640\pm 140$ Mpc。