In recent years, desalination has been turned into a fresh water supply as a solution in some areas which suffer from water shortage. Desalinated water as an industrial product causes environmental problems. The objectives of this study are investigating environmental sustainability indicators related to seawater desalination via reverse osmosis (SWRO) on the coastline of Hormozgan province to provide a better insight for current and future water and energy demands related to this alternative. The selected indicators are specific energy consumption, seawater withdrawal, and brine volume in desalination, fuel consumption, carbon emission and water withdrawal in electric power generation. Using a solution-diffusion model, the direct indicator of energy consumption was obtained as used to calculate indirect indicators from the energy generation sector. Analysis of results indicates that desalination can lead to out-of-area side effects resulting from fuel type consumed and the practical power of the power plant, in addition to the regional environmental effects that are mostly affected by total dissolved solids of feed water. Based on the results, the environmental issues should be considered for the regions where desalination was planned as the most feasible alternative for water supply. This result can help policymakers to manage water supply and demand for sustainable development appropriately.

近年来，在一些缺水地区，淡化已变成淡水供应，作为解决方案。作为工业产品的脱盐水导致环境问题。这项研究的目的是调查与Hormozgan省海岸线上通过反渗透海水淡化（SWRO）有关的环境可持续性指标，以便为与该替代方案相关的当前和未来的水和能源需求提供更好的见识。选定的指标是单位能耗，海水抽取量，海水淡化中的盐水量，燃料消耗量，发电中的碳排放量和水抽取量。使用解扩散模型，获得了能源消耗的直接指标，用于计算能源生产部门的间接指标。结果分析表明，除区域性环境影响主要受给水总溶解固体的影响外，淡化还会导致因消耗的燃料类型和发电厂的实际功率而引起的区域外副作用。根据结果​​，计划将海水淡化作为最可行的供水替代方案的地区应考虑环境问题。这一结果可以帮助决策者适当地管理可持续发展的水供需。除了主要受给水总溶解固体影响的区域环境影响外。根据结果​​，计划将海水淡化作为最可行的供水替代方案的地区应考虑环境问题。这一结果可以帮助决策者适当地管理可持续发展的水供需。除了主要受给水总溶解固体影响的区域环境影响外。根据结果​​，计划将海水淡化作为供水最可行替代方案的地区应考虑环境问题。这一结果可以帮助决策者适当管理可持续发展的水供需。