Abstract. Determining the precise timing of glacial terminations and the interglacials that follow is key to addressing questions surrounding future warming. Here, we present a high-precision record of Termination III (TIII), Termination IIIa (TIIIa), the penultimate interglacial (MIS 7), and the penultimate glacial inception (MIS 7/6 transition) from Spannagel Cave in the Austrian Alps. Using state-of-the-art mass spectrometry techniques, we have constructed a uranium-series dated chronology with relative age uncertainties averaging 1.7 ‰ (2σ) during our study period (247 to 191 thousand years before present). Results reveal the onset of TIII at 242.5 ± 0.2 ka and the duration of MIS 7e between 241.8 to 236.7 (±0.6) ka. Depleted δ¹⁸O values indicating MIS 7b center at 229.5 ± 2.3 ka. An abrupt shift towards higher δ¹⁸O values at 217.1 ± 0.5 ka marks the beginning of TIIIa. Two periods of high δ¹⁸O values (greater than −10 ‰) between 215.9–213.3 and 204.3–197.5 (±0.4) ka coincide with interglacial substages MIS 7c and 7a, respectively. Two newly collected stalagmites from Spannagel Cave (SPA146 & 183) provide high-resolution replications of the latter portion of the MIS 7a/6e transition, which occurred between approximately 197.1 and 191.4 (±0.3) ka. The resulting multi-stalagmite timeseries provides important chronological constraints on climate shifts in Europe and the North Atlantic during MIS 7. This study also provides a clear answer to the exact timing of TIIIa, which has been previously debated.

中文翻译：

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来自奥地利阿尔卑斯山的MIS 7子阶段的准确计时

摘要。确定冰川终止和随后的冰川间的精确时间，是解决围绕未来变暖问题的关键。在这里，我们呈现了来自奥地利阿尔卑斯山Spannagel洞穴的第三级（TIII），第三级（aIIIa）（TIIIa），倒数第二个间冰期（MIS 7）和倒数第二个冰期起始（MIS 7/6过渡）的高精度记录。使用最先进的质谱技术，我们在研究期间（目前为247至1911,000年）构造了铀系列年代学年表，相对年龄不确定性平均为1.7‰（2σ）。结果显示TIII的发作时间为242.5±0.2 ka，MIS 7e的持续时间为241.8至236.7（±0.6）ka。耗尽δ ¹⁸O值表示MIS 7b位于229.5±2.3 ka的中心。向更高的δ的急剧移位^18个O值在217.1±0.5か马克TIIIa的开始。高δ的两个周期^18个分别215.9-213.3和204.3-197.5（±0.4）KA重合用的间分步骤MIS 7c和图7a，间O值（大于-10‰）。来自Spannagel Cave（SPA146和183）的两个新收集的石笋提供了MIS 7a / 6e过渡后期的高分辨率复制，其发生在大约197.1和191.4（±0.3）ka之间。由此产生的多石笋时间序列对MIS 7期间欧洲和北大西洋的气候变化提供了重要的时间约束。这项研究还为TIIIa的确切时机提供了明确的答案，此前一直在争论。