Turnouts are among the weakest links of railway lines, but the derailment risk of vehicles passing the through route of a turnout is seldom considered. The potential factors affecting derailment are screened according to field investigations of a train derailment case at the through route of a turnout. A detailed wagon-turnout interaction model considering the non-uniform cross-sections of turnout rails and the interaction between adjacent wagons is developed and validated. Through numerical simulation, the dynamic performance of an empty wagon passing the through route of turnout at a low speed is studied. When the wagon passes the turnout under the continuous lateral force condition, the wheels climb onto the rail head at the switch area in the facing direction, while the derailment occurs at the frog area in the trailing direction. Moreover, the possibility of derailment of the empty wagon increases with increasing coupler force and wheel-rail friction coefficient, and with decreasing speed. To improve the safety of empty wagons in the turnout area, rail lubrication should be implemented to reduce the wheel-rail friction coefficient, and large braking forces should be avoided. Furthermore, the wheel surface condition after re-profiling requires continuous attention.

道岔是铁路线中最薄弱的环节之一，但很少考虑车辆通过道岔路线的脱轨风险。根据对道岔直通线列车脱轨案例的现场调查，筛选出影响脱轨的潜在因素。开发并验证了考虑道岔轨道的非均匀横截面和相邻货车之间的相互作用的详细的货车道岔相互作用模型。通过数值模拟研究了空车低速通过道岔的动力性能。当货车在连续侧向力条件下通过道岔时，车轮在对向方向的道岔区爬上轨头，而在尾随方向的岔道区发生脱轨。而且，空车脱轨的可能性随着车钩力和轮轨摩擦系数的增加以及速度的降低而增加。为提高道岔区空车的安全性，应实施钢轨润滑，降低轮轨摩擦系数，避免大的制动力。此外，重新成型后的车轮表面状况需要持续关注。