Abstract

Acrylamide (ACR), one of the most toxic chemical agents in humans and animals has several uses in different industries. Carnosic acid is an important biological antioxidant extracted from rosemary. In this study, the protective effect of carnosic acid on ACR-induced neurotoxicity in rat and PC12 cells has been investigated. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into eight groups including (1) control group, (2) ACR (50 mg/kg, i.p.), (3–6) ACR plus carnosic acid (5, 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg, i.p.), (7) ACR plus vitamin E (200 mg/kg i.p., every other day), and (8) carnosic acid (40 mg/kg i.p.). After 11 days, behavioral tests were evaluated. Malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) and Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase 3 protein levels in brain tissue were measured. In in vitro study, the protective effects of carnosic acid on ACR toxicity were assessed by MTT assay. ACR caused severe motor impairment compared to control, increased MDA, and decreased GSH level. ACR increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and cleaved caspase-3. Carnosic acid (40 mg/kg) significantly recovered locomotor disorders. Additionally, carnosic acid increased GSH content, reduced MDA, and decreased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and caspase 3 protein levels. Carnosic acid increased cell viability compared to ACR at concentrations of 2.5–10 μM. Carnosic acid is the most abundant antioxidant compound found in the rosemary leaves. Recently, natural compounds have been suggested as potential treatment interventions for various diseases through their antioxidant properties. In this study, carnosic acid reduced ACR-induced toxicity through inhibition of oxidative stress and apoptosis.

摘要

丙烯酰胺 (ACR) 是人类和动物体内毒性最强的化学试剂之一，在不同行业有多种用途。鼠尾草酸是从迷迭香中提取的一种重要的生物抗氧化剂。在这项研究中，鼠尾草酸对大鼠和 PC12 细胞中 ACR 诱导的神经毒性的保护作用已被研究。雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为8组，包括（1）对照组，（2）ACR（50 mg/kg，ip），（3-6）ACR加鼠尾草酸（5、10、20和40 mg/kg） , ip), (7) ACR 加维生素 E (200 mg/kg ip, 每隔一天), 和 (8) 鼠尾草酸 (40 mg/kg ip)。11 天后，评估行为测试。测量脑组织中丙二醛 (MDA)、谷胱甘肽 (GSH) 和 Bax、Bcl-2 和半胱天冬酶 3 蛋白水平。在体外研究，通过MTT法评估鼠尾草酸对ACR毒性的保护作用。与对照组相比，ACR 导致严重的运动障碍、MDA 增加和 GSH 水平降低。ACR 增加了 Bax/Bcl-2 比率并切割了 caspase-3。Carnosic acid (40 mg/kg) 显着恢复运动障碍。此外，鼠尾草酸增加了 GSH 含量，降低了 MDA，降低了 Bax/Bcl-2 比率和 caspase 3 蛋白水平。与浓度为 2.5–10 μM 的 ACR 相比，鼠尾草酸增加了细胞活力。鼠尾草酸是在迷迭香叶中发现的最丰富的抗氧化化合物。最近，天然化合物已被建议通过其抗氧化特性作为各种疾病的潜在治疗干预措施。在这项研究中，