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Revisiting gradient wind balance in tropical cyclones using dropsonde observations
Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society ( IF 3.0 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-20 , DOI: 10.1002/qj.3947
Jorge L. García‐Franco 1, 2 , Juliane Schwendike 1
Affiliation  

This study diagnoses the degree of gradient wind balance (GWB) in dropsonde observations of 30 tropical cyclones (TCs) divided into 91 intense observation periods. The diagnosed GWB in these observation periods are composited to investigate which characteristics of a TC are significantly related to departures from GWB. This analysis confirms that on average the flow above the boundary layer is approximately in GWB. Supergradient flow is more common near the radius of maximum wind (RMW) in the upper boundary layer than above in the free troposphere or outside the RMW and is also more common in strong storms than in weak storms. In contrast, the degree of GWB does not differ between intensifying, steady‐state and weakening storms. Storms with a peaked wind profile have a higher probability of showing supergradient winds than those with a flat wind profile. The comparison of two commonly used functions to fit observations shows that the diagnosing GWB from dropsonde observations is highly dependent on the analysis technique. The agradient wind magnitude and even sign is shown to depend on which of these functions is used to fit the observations. The use of a polynomial fit consistently diagnoses the presence of supergradient winds far more frequently than a piece‐wise function, and also shows a marked degree of imbalance above the boundary layer. Therefore, caution is warranted when determining the degree of GWB with a polynomial fit.

中文翻译:

利用探空仪观测资料重新探究热带气旋的梯度风平衡

这项研究诊断了30个热带气旋(TC)的探空观测中的梯度风平衡(GWB)程度,该热​​带气旋分为91个强烈观测期。在这些观察期内,将诊断出的GWB进行组合,以调查TC的哪些特征与GWB的偏离显着相关。该分析证实,边界层上方的流量平均约为GWB。超梯度流在上边界层的最大风半径(RMW)附近比在对流层上方或RMW以外的区域更常见,在强风暴中也比在弱风暴中更常见。相比之下,在风暴增强,稳态和减弱之间,GWB的程度没有差异。与具有平坦风廓线的风暴相比,具有最大风廓线的风暴显示超梯度风的可能性更高。对两个常用函数进行拟合的比较表明,从探空仪观测值诊断GWB高度依赖于分析技术。示出了梯度风的大小和偶数取决于这些函数中的哪一个用于拟合观测值。多项式拟合的使用能够比分段函数更频繁地诊断超梯度风的存在,并且在边界层上方也显示出明显的不平衡度。因此,在确定具有多项式拟合的GWB的度数时应格外小心。对两个常用函数进行拟合的比较表明,从探空仪观测值诊断GWB高度依赖于分析技术。示出了梯度风的大小和偶数取决于这些函数中的哪一个用于拟合观测值。多项式拟合的使用能够比分段函数更频繁地诊断超梯度风的存在,并且在边界层上方也显示出明显的不平衡度。因此,在确定具有多项式拟合的GWB的度数时应格外小心。对两个常用函数进行拟合的比较表明,从探空仪观测值诊断GWB高度依赖于分析技术。示出了梯度风的大小和偶数取决于这些函数中的哪一个用于拟合观测值。多项式拟合的使用能够比分段函数更频繁地诊断超梯度风的存在,并且在边界层上方也显示出明显的不平衡度。因此,在确定具有多项式拟合的GWB的度数时应格外小心。多项式拟合的使用能够比分段函数更频繁地诊断超梯度风的存在,并且在边界层上方也显示出明显的不平衡度。因此,在确定具有多项式拟合的GWB的度数时应格外小心。多项式拟合的使用能够比分段函数更频繁地诊断超梯度风的存在,并且在边界层上方也显示出明显的不平衡度。因此,在确定具有多项式拟合的GWB的度数时应格外小心。
更新日期:2020-11-20
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