Campanula sect. Quinqueloculares (Campanulaceae), consisting of ca. 39 mostly chasmophytic species, is one of the most morphologically variable groups in Campanula and includes numerous endemics occurring mostly in Greece and/or Turkey. In this molecular study, we aim to test the monophyly of C. sect. Quinqueloculares and provide divergence time estimates to generate hypotheses into the historical processes responsible for the diversification and current distribution patterns of this group. Individual and combined data matrices consisting of plastid (NADHS‐2, rpoC1‐1, rpoC2‐1, rpoC2‐2, rpoC2‐3, trnT‐trnL) and nuclear (2017561, ITS, PPR11, PPR70) markers were constructed for 121 taxa. Results indicate that C. sect. Quinqueloculares, as traditionally circumscribed, is polyphyletic. Species are largely clustered into two well‐supported clades, except for three taxa excluded from these groups. Additionally, a few taxa belonging to other sections are confidently nested within the two Quinqueloculares clades. The first clade (Greek clade) includes one isophylloid species nested with 25 Greek endemics belonging to C. sect. Quinqueloculares. The second clade (Southeastern Aegean‐Turkish clade) comprises 20 C. sect. Quinqueloculares taxa and 3 species of C. sect. Rupestres, all distributed in the southeastern Aegean and Turkey. Divergence time estimates suggest that these clades originated in the Late Miocene. Temporal and geographic patterns are consistent with a vicariant scenario driven by geological events during the Miocene, such as the formation of the Mid‐Aegean trench and the Messinian salinity crisis.

中文翻译：

---

难题的另一部分，墙中的另一块砖头：风铃草节五倍体的必然命运（桔梗科：桔梗科）

风铃教派。五倍体（桔梗），由约。39个主要为chasmophytic物种，是风铃草中形态变化最大的物种之一，其中包括许多特有种，主要发生在希腊和/或土耳其。在这项分子研究中，我们旨在测试C的一字性。教派。五倍体，并提供发散时间估计，以产生假说，成为负责这一群体多样化和当前分布模式的历史过程。由质体（NADHS-2，rpoC1-1，rpoC2-1，rpoC2-2，rpoC2-3组成的单个和组合数据矩阵，trnT-trnL）和核（2017561，ITS，PPR11，PPR70）标记用于121个分类单元。结果表明，C.教派。传统上限制五倍体是多系的。物种大体上聚集在两个支撑良好的进化枝中，除了三个类群除外。此外，在两个Quinqueloculares进化枝中肯定地嵌套了一些属于其他部分的类群。第一个进化枝（希腊进化枝）包括一个同种异形物种，嵌套有25个属于C.教派的希腊特有物种。五倍体。第二个进化枝（东南爱琴海-土耳其进化枝）的温度为20 C.教派。五倍体类群和C. 3种。教派。Rupestres，全部分布在爱琴海的东南部和土耳其。发散时间估计表明这些进化枝起源于中新世晚期。时间和地理格局与中新世时期地质事件驱动的维多利亚时代情景相吻合，例如爱琴海中部海沟的形成和墨西尼盐度危机。