The first human missions on Mars will likely involve several astrobiology‐driven science operations, at sites with high biosignature preservation potential. Here, we present a study of the radiation environment induced by Galactic Cosmic Rays and Solar Energetic Particles at Oxia Planum, landing site of the European Space Agency ExoMars 2022 mission, and at two different locations in Mawrth Vallis, using the Monte Carlo GEometry ANd Tracking 4‐based code dMEREM (detailed Martian Energetic Radiation Environment Model). The radiation environment for solar minimum in 2009 and a period close to solar maximum during the declining phase of solar cycle 23 appears similar at the different sites, with the deepest Mawrth Vallis location having a slightly enhanced γ‐ray contribution, due to a higher modulation of fast neutrons by the more water‐rich regolith. The comparison with the Dose Equivalent from an updated extrapolation of 7+ years data from the Radiation Assessment Detector (RAD) onboard the Curiosity rover highlights the importance of input modulation conditions, some drawbacks of the galactic cosmic ray model used here, and the need to include heavy ions, the three aspects affecting differently the estimations for solar maximum and minimum. The dependence of doses on surface pressure highlights a possible influence of the different dust loading at the different sites. Estimated exposure levels for a 1‐year stay and for a short stay in Arabia Terra, the latter including a October 28, 2003 event with a fluence an order of magnitude higher than the relevant September 2017 event detected by RAD, leave reasonable to large safety margins.

中文翻译：

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Oxia Planum和Mawrth Vallis的火星辐射环境和剂量：支持在具有高生物签名保存潜力的地点进行勘探

在火星上进行的首次人类任务可能涉及在具有高生物签名保存潜力的地点进行的一些由天体生物学驱动的科学操作。在这里，我们使用蒙特卡罗几何和AND追踪技术，对欧洲太空总署2022年ExoMars飞行任务着陆点Oxia Planum和银河的两个不同位置的银河宇宙射线和太阳高能粒子诱发的辐射环境进行了研究。基于4的代码dMEREM（详细的火星高能辐射环境模型）。2009年太阳最低辐射的辐射环境以及在太阳周期23下降阶段接近太阳最高辐射的时期在不同地点看起来相似，其中最深的Mawrth Vallis位置的γ值略有增加射线的贡献，是由于水含量更高的重熔岩对快中子的调制更高。与来自好奇号火星车上辐射评估检测器（RAD）的7年以上数据的最新外推的剂量当量的比较突出了输入调制条件的重要性，此处使用的银河宇宙射线模型的某些缺点以及需要包括重离子，这三个方面对太阳最大和最小估计的影响不同。剂量对表面压力的依赖性突显了不同位置上不同粉尘负荷的可能影响。在阿拉伯特拉（Arab Terra）逗留1年和短期逗留的估计暴露水平，后者包括2003年10月28日的事件，其通量比RAD检测到的相关2017年9月的事件高一个数量级，