The results of a comprehensive study of Pleistocene fish‐bearing localities from the territory of Poland are presented. Fish remains came from lacustrine deposits and cave sites representing a time‐span from the late Early Pleistocene until the Early Holocene. Here we present the taxonomic composition and species diversity of all known fish assemblages from Poland. In total, 23 species belonging to 20 genera of eight families were identified. Cyprinids were the most taxonomically diverse, followed by salmonids and percids. Other families were each represented only by a single species. The roach, rudd, bream, pike and perch were the most common components of the Pleistocene fish assemblages of Poland. These assemblages are clearly divided into two groups representing palaeolakes and cave sites. A significant taxonomic similarity is observed between fish assemblages from Poland and those of Chibanian and Late Pleistocene ages from central and eastern Europe. Pleistocene environments and climates of Poland are characterized using a multi‐proxy approach (analysis of stable isotopes, plant macro‐remains, pollen, molluscs and cladocerans). Obtained data allowed us to estimate a number of parameters of Pleistocene water bodies of the Polish Lowland (reservoir type, trophism, oxygen content, depth and water level changes, bottom character, and flow speed). The formation of freshwater fish assemblages was influenced by dynamic changes in the hydrographic network, and climatic changes during the Pleistocene and Holocene. Their development was favoured by the formation of lakes after melting of the ice sheet.

中文翻译：

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波兰的更新世淡水环境：基于多代理方法的鱼类种群的综合研究

介绍了对波兰境内更新世鱼类种群的综合研究结果。鱼遗骸来自湖床沉积物和洞穴位置，代表了从更新世晚期到全新世早期的时间跨度。在这里，我们介绍了来自波兰的所有已知鱼类组合的分类学组成和物种多样性。总共鉴定出属于8个科的20属的23种。鲤科动物在分类学上最多样化，其次是鲑鱼和percids。其他家族每个仅由一个物种代表。蟑螂，陆克文，鲷，梭子鱼和鲈鱼是波兰更新世鱼类群中最常见的组成部分。这些组合明显分为两组，分别代表古湖和洞穴遗址。在波兰的鱼类种群与中欧和东欧的Chibanian和晚更新世时期的鱼类种群之间发现了显着的分类学相似性。波兰的更新世环境和气候采用多代理方法（分析稳定同位素，植物大分子残留物，花粉，软体动物和枝角类动物）来表征。获得的数据使我们能够估计波兰低地的更新世水体的许多参数（储层类型，营养，氧含量，深度和水位变化，底部特征和流速）。淡水鱼类组合的形成受到水文网络动态变化以及更新世和全新世期间气候变化的影响。冰盖融化后形成湖泊，有利于它们的发展。