Abstract The detailed probability of grain breakage influences the micromechanical behaviours of granular soil under repeated impact loads. This study investigated grain breakage in single-sized and multi-sized calcareous sands under repeated low-energy impact loads. By introducing the dye tracing and particle image segmentation methods in impact tests, various-sized fragments and residual grains were distinguished and further quantitatively analysed. The experimental results showed that the probability of grain survival decreased with the increase in the repeated cycles of impact (total input work); large grains played a more important role in the latter breakage stage as the repeated cycles of impact increased. Compared with the commonly used index Bg, the breakage index Bs based on the detailed probability of grain survival was much closer to the actual amount of grain breakage for single-sized samples and was slightly larger than Bg for multi-sized samples. The detailed probability of grain survival and the indexes could be used for investigating mechanisms of grain breakage under repeated impact loading.

中文翻译：

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基于颗粒存活的详细概率评估钙质砂的颗粒破碎：重复低能冲击的应用

摘要 颗粒破碎的详细概率影响颗粒土在反复冲击载荷下的微观力学行为。本研究调查了单尺寸和多尺寸钙质砂在重复低能冲击载荷下的颗粒破碎情况。通过在冲击试验中引入染料追踪和颗粒图像分割方法，区分并进一步定量分析了各种尺寸的碎片和残留颗粒。实验结果表明，随着冲击重复循环次数（总投入功）的增加，粮食存活概率降低；随着冲击的重复循环增加，大晶粒在后期破碎阶段发挥了更重要的作用。与常用的指标Bg相比，基于谷物存活详细概率的破碎指数 Bs 更接近单一尺寸样品的实际谷物破碎量，并略大于多尺寸样品的 Bg。详细的谷物存活概率和指标可用于研究反复冲击载荷下谷物破碎的机制。