Although human clinical studies have suggested probiotic effects on blood glucose levels, knowledge about molecular mechanisms is still scarce. To test the hypothesis that selected Lactobacillus probiotic bacteria could regulate the activity of enterocyte glucose transporters, we aimed to measure in vitro effects of selected Lactobacillus probiotic bacteria on transcription and translation of intestinal glucose transporters sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1) and glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) as well as transepithelial glucose transport. Lactobacillus plantarum strains (PCS20 and PCS26), Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) (ATCC 53103) and Lactobacillus acidophilus (L acidophilus) (ATCC 4356) were co-cultivated with noncarcinogenic porcine enterocytes (CLAB) and human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma cells (Caco-2) (ATCC HTB-37). Changes in transcription and expression of SGLT1 and GLUT2 were strain and cell line-specific. In CLAB, LGG was the most potent SGLT1 up-regulator, and PCS26 the most potent down-regulator of GLUT2 transcription, which was also reflected on the protein level. In Caco-2, all tested strains tended to downregulate GLUT2 gene expression, while L acidophilus most effectively reduced GLUT2 protein levels. Statistically significant effect of PCS26 and L acidophilus on GLUT2 molecular and protein levels in CLAB and Caco-2 cell lines, respectively, was also followed by a decreased rate of transepithelial glucose transport. Careful selection of specific Lactobacillus probiotic strains could be used to downregulate glucose absorption in intestinal epithelial cells and thereby could be beneficial as a support treatment of pathologies related to glucose homeostasis.

中文翻译：

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特定的乳酸杆菌益生菌菌株通过肠上皮细胞模型中的 GLUT2 下调减少经上皮葡萄糖转运

尽管人类临床研究表明益生菌对血糖水平有影响，但有关分子机制的知识仍然很少。为了验证选定的乳酸杆菌益生菌可以调节肠细胞葡萄糖转运蛋白活性的假设，我们旨在测量选定的乳酸杆菌益生菌对肠道葡萄糖转运蛋白钠依赖性葡萄糖协同转运蛋白 1 (SGLT1) 和葡萄糖转运蛋白的转录和翻译的体外影响2 (GLUT2) 以及跨上皮葡萄糖转运。将植物乳杆菌菌株（PCS20 和 PCS26）、鼠李糖乳杆菌 GG (LGG) (ATCC 53103) 和嗜酸乳杆菌 (L acidophilus) (ATCC 4356) 与非致癌猪肠细胞 (CLAB) 和人癌上皮癌上皮细胞癌共培养2) (ATCC HTB-37)。SGLT1 和 GLUT2 转录和表达的变化是菌株和细胞系特异性的。在 CLAB 中，LGG 是最有效的 SGLT1 上调因子，PCS26 是最有效的 GLUT2 转录下调因子，这也反映在蛋白质水平上。在 Caco-2 中，所有测试菌株都倾向于下调 GLUT2 基因表达，而嗜酸乳杆菌最有效地降低了 GLUT2 蛋白水平。PCS26 和 L 嗜酸乳杆菌分别对 CLAB 和 Caco-2 细胞系中的 GLUT2 分子和蛋白质水平产生统计学显着影响，随后还降低了跨上皮葡萄糖转运率。