Abstract Quenching and partitioning (Q&P) steel plays a significant role in automotive lightweighting on the merits of high strength and good ductility. Yield behavior of Q&P steels with strength grades of 1180 MPa (QP1180) and 980 MPa (QP980) and one dual-phase steel (DP980) were characterized under various proportional loading, i.e., uniaxial tension, uniaxial compression, simple shear and biaxial tension utilizing cruciforms with arms reinforced by laser deposition, i.e., an additive manufacturing process. Results show that QP1180 and QP980 exhibit pronounced strain hardening, strength differential effect and anisotropic hardening rather than DP980. The Karafillis and Boyce (1993) yield criterion was modified and further employed to construct a multiplicative yield criterion under non-associated flow rule. Anisotropic hardening is captured by directly employing the stress vs. strain curves under uniaxial tension, uniaxial compression and equi-biaxial tension. Besides, a user-friendly calibration strategy was proposed to identify the shape-dominating parameters in the developed yield criterion utilizing the flow stresses under plane strain and simple shear. Finally, evolving asymmetric yield surfaces of the two investigated Q&P steels were accurately described by the developed yield criterion.

中文翻译：

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淬火和分隔钢的演化不对称屈服面：表征和建模

摘要 淬火隔断钢(Q&P)以其强度高、延展性好的优点在汽车轻量化中发挥着重要作用。强度等级为 1180 MPa (QP1180) 和 980 MPa (QP980) 的 Q&P 钢和一种双相钢 (DP980) 在各种比例载荷下的屈服行为进行了表征，即单轴拉伸、单轴压缩、简单剪切和双轴拉伸。带有通过激光沉积增强的臂的十字形，即增材制造工艺。结果表明，与DP980相比，QP1180和QP980表现出明显的应变硬化、强度差异效应和各向异性硬化。对 Karafillis 和 Boyce (1993) 屈服准则进行了修改，并进一步用于构建非关联流动规则下的乘法屈服准则。通过直接采用单轴拉伸、单轴压缩和等双轴拉伸下的应力与应变曲线来捕捉各向异性硬化。此外，还提出了一种用户友好的校准策略，以利用平面应变和简单剪切下的流应力来确定已开发屈服准则中的形状主导参数。最后，两种研究的 Q&P 钢的演化不对称屈服面通过开发的屈服准则准确描述。