The pursuit of high energy density has promoted the development of high-performance lithium metal batteries. However, it faces a serious security problem. Ionic liquids have attracted great attention due to their high ionic conductivity, non-flammability, and the properties of promoting the formation of stable SEI films. Deeply understanding the problems existing in lithium metal batteries and the role of ionic liquids in them is of great significance for improving the performance of lithium metal batteries. This article reviews the effects of the molecular structure of ionic liquids on ionic conductivity, Li⁺ ion transference number, electrochemical stability window, and lithium metal anode/electrolyte interface, as well as the application of ionic liquids in Li-high voltage cathode batteries, Li-O₂ batteries and Li-S batteries. The molecular design, composition and polymerization will be the main strategies for the future development of ionic liquid-based electrolytes for high performance lithium metal battery.

对高能量密度的追求促进了高性能锂金属电池的发展。但是，它面临着严重的安全问题。离子液体由于其高离子传导性，不易燃性以及促进形成稳定SEI膜的特性而备受关注。深刻理解锂金属电池中存在的问题以及离子液体在其中的作用对于提高锂金属电池的性能具有重要意义。本文概述了离子液体的分子结构对离子电导率，Li ⁺离子转移数，电化学稳定性窗口和锂金属阳极/电解质界面的影响，以及离子液体在锂高压阴极电池中的应用，锂_2个电池和Li-S电池。分子设计，组成和聚合反应将是未来高性能锂金属电池离子液体电解质发展的主要策略。