Immunometabolism has emerged as a key focus for immunologists, with metabolic change in immune cells becoming as important a determinant for specific immune effector responses as discrete signaling pathways. A key output for these changes involves post-translational modification (PTM) of proteins by metabolites. Products of glycolysis and Krebs cycle pathways can mediate these events, as can lipids, amino acids, and polyamines. A rich and diverse set of PTMs in macrophages and T cells has been uncovered, altering phenotype and modulating immunity and inflammation in different contexts. We review the recent findings in this area and speculate whether they could be of use in the effort to develop therapeutics for immune-related diseases.

免疫代谢已成为免疫学家关注的焦点，免疫细胞的代谢变化与离散信号通路一样成为特定免疫效应反应的重要决定因素。这些变化的一个关键输出涉及代谢物对蛋白质的翻译后修饰 (PTM)。糖酵解和克雷布斯循环途径的产物可以介导这些事件，脂质、氨基酸和多胺也可以。在巨噬细胞和 T 细胞中发现了一组丰富多样的 PTM，在不同的环境中改变表型并调节免疫和炎症。我们回顾了该领域的最新发现，并推测它们是否可用于开发免疫相关疾病的治疗方法。