The SARS-CoV-2 health crisis has temporarily forced the lockdown of entire countries. This work reports the short-term effects on air quality of such unprecedented paralysis of industry and transport in different continental cities in Spain, one of the countries most affected by the virus and with the hardest confinement measures. The study takes into account sites with different sizes and diverse emission sources, such as traffic, residential or industrial emissions. This work reports new field measurement data for the studied pandemic period and assesses the air quality parameters within the historic trend of each pollutant and site. Thus, 2013-2020 data series from ground-air quality monitoring networks have been analysed to find out statistically significant changes in atmospheric pollutants during March-June 2020 due to this sudden paralysis of activity. The results show substantial concentration drops of primary pollutants, including NO_x, CO, BTX, NMHC and NH₃. Particulate matter changes were smaller due to the existence of other natural sources. During the lockdown the ozone patterns were different for each studied location, depending on the VOCs-NOx ratios, with concentration changes close to those expected from the historical series in each site and not statistically attributable to the health crisis effects. Finally, the gradual de-escalation and progressive increase of traffic density within cities reflects a slow recovery of primary pollutants. The results and conclusions for these cities, with different sizes and population, and specific emission sources, may serve as a behavioural model for other continental sites and help understand future crises.

SARS-CoV-2 健康危机暂时迫使整个国家封锁。这项工作报告了西班牙不同大陆城市的工业和交通前所未有的瘫痪对空气质量的短期影响，西班牙是受病毒影响最严重的国家之一，并且采取了最严厉的限制措施。该研究考虑了具有不同规模和不同排放源的场地，例如交通、住宅或工业排放。这项工作报告了所研究的大流行期间的新现场测量数据，并评估了每种污染物和地点的历史趋势内的空气质量参数。因此，对来自地面空气质量监测网络的 2013-2020 年数据系列进行了分析，以找出由于活动突然瘫痪导致的 2020 年 3 月至 2020 年 3 月至 6 月期间大气污染物的显着变化。结果表明，包括 NO 在内的主要污染物浓度大幅下降_x、CO、BTX、NMHC 和 NH ₃。由于其他自然资源的存在，颗粒物的变化较小。在封锁期间，每个研究地点的臭氧模式都不同，具体取决于 VOCs-NOx 比率，浓度变化接近每个地点历史系列的预期值，并且在统计上不能归因于健康危机的影响。最后，城市内交通密度的逐步降级和逐步增加反映了初级污染物的缓慢恢复。这些具有不同规模和人口以及特定排放源的城市的结果和结论可以作为其他大陆站点的行为模型，并有助于了解未来的危机。