Objectives

This study investigates the effects of water-extracted PM_2.5 on a triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell line, MDA-MB-231, by sampling suspended particulates around a building demolition site.

Methods

PM_2.5 particles were obtained using a high-flow TISCH sampler. Water-soluble PM_2.5 were extracted by an ultrasonic oscillator and then freeze-dried. The heavy metal components of soluble PM_2.5 was analyzed by ICP-MS. Cell viability was evaluated by MTT assay for cells that were exposed to PM_2.5 (200, 400 and 600 μg/mL). Wound healing and transwell cell migration and invasion assays were used to measure cell motility and the invasiveness of cancer cells that had been exposed to PM_2.5 into a chemo-attractant substance. Interrelated mechanisms of cancer malignancy were analyzed by Western blot analysis.

Results

Nearby PM_2.5 concentrations increased significantly during the deconstruction of buildings, and the Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn and Cr contents of soluble PM_2.5 also significantly increased. Following exposure to PM_2.5, the survival rate of breast cancer cells was significantly higher than that of the control group. Soluble PM_2.5-treated cells had a higher migration capacity. The signaling pathway of FAK/PI3K/AKT proteins was more activated in PM_2.5-treated cells than the control group. Increased levels of Aurora B and Bcl-2 were associated with cell proliferation. Elevated levels of cathepsins D, β-catenin, N-cadherin, vimentin and MMP-9 were associated with breast cancer cell metastasis.

Conclusion

Soluble PM_2.5 from building demolition may promote/progress in surviving TNBC cells, increasing the malignancy of breast cancer. This study offered evidence of a link between demolition PM_2.5 and cancer progression.

中文翻译：

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建筑物拆除产生的细颗粒物PM _2.5会增加乳腺癌MDA-MB-231细胞的恶性程度

目标

这项研究通过对建筑物拆除现场周围的悬浮颗粒进行采样，研究了水提取的PM _2.5对三阴性乳腺癌（TNBC）细胞系MDA-MB-231的影响。

方法

使用高流量TISCH采样器获得PM _2.5颗粒。用超声波振荡器提取水溶性PM _2.5，然后冷冻干燥。可溶性PM _2.5的重金属成分通过ICP-MS分析。通过MTT分析评估暴露于PM _2.5（200、400和600μg/ mL）的细胞的细胞活力。伤口愈合，transwell细胞迁移和侵袭试验用于测量细胞运动性以及已暴露于PM _2.5的癌细胞对化学吸引剂的侵袭性。通过Western blot分析癌症恶性肿瘤的相关机制。

结果

建筑物解构期间附近的PM _2.5浓度显着增加，可溶性PM _2.5的Cd，Cu，Pb，Zn和Cr含量也显着增加。暴露于PM _2.5后，乳腺癌细胞的存活率显着高于对照组。可溶性PM _2.5处理的细胞具有更高的迁移能力。与对照组相比，PM _2.5处理的细胞中FAK / PI3K / AKT蛋白的信号传导途径被激活更多。Aurora B和Bcl-2水平升高与细胞增殖有关。组织蛋白酶D，β-catenin，N-cadherin，波形蛋白和MMP-9水平升高与乳腺癌细胞转移有关。

结论

建筑物拆除产生的可溶PM _2.5可能会促进幸存的TNBC细胞的发展/进展，从而增加乳腺癌的恶性程度。这项研究提供了拆卸PM _2.5与癌症进展之间联系的证据。