Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting of patient-specific auricular cartilage constructs could aid in the reconstruction process of traumatically injured or congenitally deformed ear cartilage. To achieve this, a hydrogel-based bioink is required that recapitulates the complex cartilage microenvironment. Tissue-derived decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM)-based hydrogels have been used as bioinks for cell-based 3D bioprinting because they contain tissue-specific ECM components that play a vital role in cell adhesion, growth, and differentiation. In this study, porcine auricular cartilage tissues were isolated and decellularized, and the decellularized cartilage tissues were characterized by histology, biochemical assay, and proteomics. This cartilage-derived dECM (cdECM) was subsequently processed into a photo-crosslinkable hydrogel using methacrylation (cdECMMA) and mixed with chondrocytes to create a printable bioink. The rheological properties, printability, and in vitro biological properties of the cdECMMA bioink were examined. The results showed cdECM was obtained with complete removal of cellular components while preserving major ECM proteins. After methacrylation, the cdECMMA bioinks were printed in anatomical ear shape and exhibited adequate mechanical properties and structural integrity. Specifically, auricular chondrocytes in the printed cdECMMA hydrogel constructs maintained their viability and proliferation capacity and eventually produced cartilage ECM components, including collagen and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). The potential of cell-based bioprinting using this cartilage-specific dECMMA bioink is demonstrated as an alternative option for auricular cartilage reconstruction.

患者特异性耳软骨结构的三维（3D）生物打印可以帮助外伤或先天畸形耳软骨的重建过程。为了实现这一目标，需要一种基于水凝胶的生物墨水来概括复杂的软骨微环境。基于组织的脱细胞外基质 (dECM) 水凝胶已被用作基于细胞的 3D 生物打印的生物墨水，因为它们含有组织特异性 ECM 成分，在细胞粘附、生长和分化中发挥着至关重要的作用。本研究对猪耳软骨组织进行分离和脱细胞处理，并对脱细胞软骨组织进行组织学、生化分析和蛋白质组学表征。随后使用甲基丙烯酸化 (cdECMMA) 将这种软骨衍生的 dECM (cdECM) 加工成可光交联的水凝胶，并与软骨细胞混合以创建可打印的生物墨水。检查了 cdECMMA 生物墨水的流变特性、可印刷性和体外生物学特性。结果表明，获得的 cdECM 完全去除了细胞成分，同时保留了主要的 ECM 蛋白。甲基丙烯酸化后，cdECMMA 生物墨水被打印成耳朵的解剖形状，并表现出足够的机械性能和结构完整性。具体来说，印刷的 cdECMMA 水凝胶结构中的耳廓软骨细胞保持了其活力和增殖能力，并最终产生软骨 ECM 成分，包括胶原蛋白和糖胺聚糖 (GAG)。使用这种软骨特异性 dECMMA 生物墨水进行基于细胞的生物打印的潜力被证明是耳软骨重建的替代选择。