Highlights

• The role of electron transport characteristics in electromagnetic (EM) attenuation can be generalized to other EM functional materials.

• The integrated functions of efficient EM absorption and green shielding open the view of EM multifunctional materials.

• A novel sensing mechanism based on intrinsic EM attenuation performance and EM resonance coupling effect is revealed.

Abstract

It is extremely unattainable for a material to simultaneously obtain efficient electromagnetic (EM) absorption and green shielding performance, which has not been reported due to the competition between conduction loss and reflection. Herein, by tailoring the internal structure through nano-micro engineering, a NiCo₂O₄ nanofiber with integrated EM absorbing and green shielding as well as strain sensing functions is obtained. With the improvement of charge transport capability of the nanofiber, the performance can be converted from EM absorption to shielding, or even coexist. Particularly, as the conductivity rising, the reflection loss declines from − 52.72 to − 10.5 dB, while the EM interference shielding effectiveness increases to 13.4 dB, suggesting the coexistence of the two EM functions. Furthermore, based on the high EM absorption, a strain sensor is designed through the resonance coupling of the patterned NiCo₂O₄ structure. These strategies for tuning EM performance and constructing devices can be extended to other EM functional materials to promote the development of electromagnetic driven devices.

Graphic Abstract

中文翻译：

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一种用于电磁吸收器、绿色屏蔽和传感器的纳米微工程纳米纤维

强调

• 电子传输特性在电磁 (EM) 衰减中的作用可以推广到其他电磁功能材料。

• 高效的电磁吸收和绿色屏蔽的综合功能开启了电磁多功能材料的视野。

• 揭示了一种基于固有电磁衰减性能和电磁共振耦合效应的新型传感机制。

抽象的

由于传导损耗和反射之间的竞争，材料同时获得有效的电磁（EM）吸收和绿色屏蔽性能是极其难以实现的。在此，通过纳米微工程定制内部结构，NiCo ₂ O ₄获得了具有集成EM吸收和绿色屏蔽以及应变传感功能的纳米纤维。随着纳米纤维电荷传输能力的提高，其性能可以从电磁吸收转变为屏蔽，甚至共存。特别是，随着电导率的提高，反射损耗从-52.72下降到-10.5 dB，而电磁干扰屏蔽效率增加到13.4 dB，表明两种电磁功能并存。此外，基于高 EM 吸收，通过图案化 NiCo ₂ O _{4的共振耦合设计了应变传感器}结构体。这些调整电磁性能和构建器件的策略可以扩展到其他电磁功能材料，以促进电磁驱动器件的发展。

图形摘要