In the present study, a total of 112 raw milk samples were collected between October and December of 2018 from dairy farming households in Malawi and analyzed for aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) using VICAM aflatest fluorometry procedure. These data together with the consumption data obtained through a milk consumption frequency questionnaire were used for the calculation of AFM₁ exposure and its association with hepatocarcinoma (HCC) risk in dairy farming population. Average daily milk intake by children and adults were approximately 300 ± 0.07 and 541.7 ± 0.14 mL, respectively. All raw milk samples tested positive to AFM₁ averaging 0.551 μg/L. Probable mean daily exposure to AFM₁ for adults was 4.98 ± 7.25 ng/kg BW/day almost half that of children (8.28 ± 11.82 ng/kg BW/day). Estimated risk of AFM₁-induced HCC associated with consumption of milk among children and adults were 0.038 and 0.023 cases per 100,000 individuals per year, respectively. Although the results of this investigation suggest a low risk of HCC, other negative health effects of AFM₁ justify its continuous monitoring and update of the risk assessment. This work presents the first insight in the occurrence of AFM₁ in cow milk in Malawi as well as associated AFM₁ exposure in dairy farming population.

在本研究中，2018 年 10 月至 12 月期间，从马拉维奶牛养殖户收集了 112 份原料奶样品，并使用 VICAM aflatest 荧光法分析了黄曲霉毒素 M1 (AFM1)。这些数据与通过牛奶消费频率问卷获得的消费数据一起用于计算 AFM ₁暴露及其与奶牛养殖人群中肝癌 (HCC) 风险的关联。儿童和成人的平均每日牛奶摄入量分别约为 300 ± 0.07 和 541.7 ± 0.14 mL。所有原料奶样品均检测出 AFM ₁阳性，平均为 0.551 μg/L。可能平均每日暴露于 AFM ₁成人为 4.98 ± 7.25 ng/kg BW/天，几乎是儿童（8.28 ± 11.82 ng/kg BW/天）的一半。与儿童和成人饮用牛奶相关的 AFM ₁诱发 HCC 的估计风险分别为每年每 100,000 人 0.038 和 0.023 例。尽管这项调查的结果表明 HCC 的风险较低，但 AFM _{1 的}其他负面健康影响证明其持续监测和更新风险评估是合理的。这项工作首次揭示了马拉维牛奶中AFM ₁的发生以及奶牛养殖人口中相关的 AFM ₁暴露。