Mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) is a major pest of pine (Pinaceae) in western North America. Mountain pine beetle has an obligatory dispersal phase during which beetles fly in search of new hosts to colonize. Climatic factors may influence dispersal in the expanding geographic range of the mountain pine beetle. This study tests mountain pine beetle flight capacity in the laboratory under different abiotic conditions including temperature, light and wind speed. Beetle flight capacity was tested under different temperatures before and during flight and different light regimes in separate computer-linked flight mill bioassays. A wind tunnel experiment tested the effect of wind speed on beetle flight. Pre-flight temperature and temperature during flight did not affect beetle flight capacity (distance or duration). Beetles do, however, use more energy during flight at high temperatures, which could affect host colonization following dispersal by flight of mountain pine beetle in nature. Beetles fly a greater distance and longer duration during a long (18 h) than short (16 h) photophase, suggesting that increased day length with a northern range expansion could affect beetle flight capacity. Although wind speed does not affect flight probability or duration, it affects the number of flights and flight patterns of mountain pine beetles.

中文翻译：

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环境条件对山松甲虫飞行能力的影响 (鞘翅目: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)

山松甲虫 (Dendroctonusponderosae Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) 是北美西部松树 (Pinaceae) 的主要害虫。山松甲虫有一个强制性的传播阶段，在此期间甲虫飞行寻找新的寄主进行殖民。气候因素可能会影响山松甲虫在不断扩大的地理范围内的扩散。本研究在实验室中测试了山松甲虫在不同非生物条件（包括温度、光和风速）下的飞行能力。甲虫的飞行能力在飞行前和飞行期间的不同温度下以及不同的光照条件下在单独的计算机连接飞行磨生物测定中进行了测试。风洞实验测试了风速对甲虫飞行的影响。飞行前温度和飞行期间温度不影响甲虫飞行能力（距离或持续时间）。然而，甲虫在高温飞行过程中确实会消耗更多能量，这可能会影响大自然中山松甲虫飞行传播后的寄主定植。甲虫在长（18 小时）比短（16 小时）光相期间飞行更远的距离和更长的持续时间，这表明随着北方范围扩大而增加的昼长可能会影响甲虫的飞行能力。虽然风速不影响飞行概率或飞行持续时间，但会影响山松甲虫的飞行次数和飞行模式。甲虫在长（18 小时）比短（16 小时）光相期间飞行更远的距离和更长的持续时间，这表明随着北方范围的扩大而增加的昼长可能会影响甲虫的飞行能力。虽然风速不影响飞行概率或飞行持续时间，但会影响山松甲虫的飞行次数和飞行模式。甲虫在长（18 小时）比短（16 小时）光相期间飞行更远的距离和更长的持续时间，这表明随着北方范围的扩大而增加的昼长可能会影响甲虫的飞行能力。虽然风速不影响飞行概率或飞行持续时间，但会影响山松甲虫的飞行次数和飞行模式。