Astragalus membranaceus Bge. var. mongolicus (Bge.) Hsiao is one of the most common herbs widely used in South and East Asia, to enhance people’s health and reinforce vital energy. Despite its prevalence, however, the knowledge about phytochemical compositions and metabolite biosynthesis in Astragalus membranaceus Bge. var. mongolicus (Bge.) Hsiao is very limited. An integrated metabolomics and transcriptomics analysis using state-of-the-art UPLC-Q-Orbitrap mass spectrometer and advanced bioinformatics pipeline were conducted to study global metabolic profiles and phytochemical ingredients/biosynthesis in Astragalus membranaceus Bge. var. mongolicus (Bge.) Hsiao. A total of 5435 metabolites were detected, from which 2190 were annotated, representing an order of magnitude increase over previously known. Metabolic profiling of Astragalus membranaceus Bge. var. mongolicus (Bge.) Hsiao tissues found contents and synthetic enzymes for phytochemicals were significantly higher in leaf and stem in general, whereas the contents of the main bioactive ingredients were significantly enriched in root, underlying the value of root in herbal remedies. Using integrated metabolomics and transcriptomics data, we illustrated the complete pathways of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis, and isoflavonoid biosynthesis, in which some were first reported in the herb. More importantly, we discovered novel flavonoid derivatives using informatics method for neutral loss scan, in addition to inferring their likely synthesis pathways in Astragalus membranaceus Bge. var. mongolicus (Bge.) Hsiao. The current study represents the most comprehensive metabolomics and transcriptomics analysis on traditional herb Astragalus membranaceus Bge. var. mongolicus (Bge.) Hsiao. We demonstrated our integrated metabolomics and transcriptomics approach offers great potentials in discovering novel metabolite structure and associated synthesis pathways. This study provides novel insights into the phytochemical ingredients, metabolite biosynthesis, and complex metabolic network in herbs, highlighting the rich natural resource and nutritional value of traditional herbal plants.

中文翻译：

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传统草药黄芪的代谢组学和转录组学综合研究。变种mongolicus (Bge.) Hsiao 揭示了整体代谢特征和新型植物化学成分


黄芪 Bge.变种mongolicus (Bge.) Hsiao 是南亚和东亚最常见的草药之一，广泛用于增强人们的健康和增强元气。然而，尽管黄芪很普遍，但有关黄芪植物化学成分和代谢物生物合成的知识却很少。变种mongolicus (Bge.) Hsiao 的数量非常有限。使用最先进的 UPLC-Q-Orbitrap 质谱仪和先进的生物信息学流程进行综合代谢组学和转录组学分析，以研究黄芪的整体代谢特征和植物化学成分/生物合成。变种蒙古族 (Bge.) Hsiao。总共检测到 5435 种代谢物，其中 2190 种被注释，比之前已知的增加了一个数量级。黄芪的代谢谱。变种mongolicus (Bge.) Hsiao组织发现，植物化学物质的含量和合成酶一般在叶和茎中显着较高，而主要生物活性成分的含量在根中显着富集，这就是根在草药中的价值。利用综合代谢组学和转录组学数据，我们阐明了苯丙素生物合成、类黄酮生物合成和异黄酮生物合成的完整途径，其中一些途径是在草药中首次报道的。更重要的是，我们利用信息学方法进行中性丢失扫描，发现了新型黄酮衍生物，并推断了它们在黄芪中可能的合成途径。变种蒙古族 (Bge.) Hsiao。目前的研究代表了对传统草药黄芪最全面的代谢组学和转录组学分析。变种蒙古族 (Bge.) Hsiao。 我们证明了我们的综合代谢组学和转录组学方法在发现新的代谢物结构和相关合成途径方面具有巨大的潜力。这项研究为草药的植物化学成分、代谢物生物合成和复杂的代谢网络提供了新的见解，凸显了传统草药植物丰富的自然资源和营养价值。